Moral System of Islam
“……… And be benevolent, as Allah has been generous to you. And do not seek corruption in the land. Allah does not like the seekers of corruption.” (28:77)
Allah (SWT) sent His Prophet and Messenger Muhammad (ﷺ) to teach humanity the Qur’an, and to purify their hearts, speech, and actions. During the early stage of the Prophetic Mission in Makkah, the Prophet (ﷺ) spent a lot of time building up the moral conduct of his followers. The moral system of Islam is not confined only in belief, but it has translated belief into action by developing a comprehensive moral system in the Muslim community. According to the instructions of the Qur’an Prophet (ﷺ) established moral values at personal, familial as well as social levels.
Allah (SWT) has revealed the Qur’an to cure the diseases of the sinful hearts of human beings. The Qur’anic verses urge one to develop moral values to be a good Muslim. Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) was sent as the ‘mercy and blessings for the entire universe’ (21:107) and as a model for humanity to build up excellent moral character, good manners, and conduct. (33:21 and 68:4). Prophet (ﷺ) said: ‘Allah, the Lord of the worlds has sent me as His prophet in order to demonstrate the excellent moral character, best conduct and noblest behavior.’ (Malik-Mawatta, Ahmad-Musnad, Mishkat Al-Masabih).
Good Moral Character, Manners & Conduct
Moral values like righteousness, honesty, piety, good manners, and conduct – all are the elements of building good moral character. According to the teachings of the Qur’an, those who believe in Allah (SWT) and perform good deeds will be eternally rewarded in Heaven. Prophet (ﷺ) said, “The best persons amongst you are the best in character and manners.” (Bukhari). Good character, moral conducts and manners are the most valuable assets of human life. Many people, being convinced by the charming qualities of Prophet (ﷺ), took ‘Shahadah’ in his hands and became Muslims. He was so anxious to maintain good relationship with the people around him that he would pray to Almighty Allah saying: ‘O Allah! I am simply a human, if I hurt anyone in anyway, then please pardon me and do not give me punishment.’ (Sahih Bukhari).
The verses on above topic are cited below:
لَّقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِىْ رَسُوْلِ اللهِ اُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ لِّمَنْ كَانَ يَرْجُوْا اللهَ وَالْيَوْمَ الْاٰخِرَ وَذَكَرَ اللهَ كَثِيْرًا
“You have indeed in the Messenger of Allah a beautiful pattern (of conduct) for anyone whose hope is in Allah and the Final Day, and who engages much in the Praise of Allah.” (33:21)
وَ اِذَا حُیِّیْتُمْ بِتَحِیَّۃٍ فَحَیُّوْا بِاَحْسَنَ مِنْهَاۤ اَوْ رُدُّوْهَا ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ كَانَ عَلٰی کُلِّ شَیْءٍ حَسِیْبًا
“When you are greeted with a greeting, respond with a better greeting, or at least return it (with same words). Allah keeps account of all things.” (4:86)
فَاِذَا دَخَلْتُمْ بُیُوْتًا فَسَلِّمُوْا عَلٰۤی اَنْفُسِکُمْ تَحِیَّۃً مِّنْ عِنْدِ اللّٰهِ مُبٰرَكَۃً طَیِّبَۃً ؕ كَذٰلِكَ یُبَیِّنُ اللّٰهُ لَکُمُ الْاٰیٰتِ لَعَلَّکُمْ تَعْقِلُوْنَ
“……… But when you enter any home, greet one another with a greeting of peace – a greeting from Allah, blessed and good. Allah thus explains the revelations for you, so that you may understand.” (24:61)
وَ قُلْ لِّعِبَادِیْ یَقُوْلُوا الَّتِیْ هِیَ اَحْسَنُ ؕ اِنَّ الشَّیْطٰنَ یَنْزَغُ بَیْنَهُمْ ؕ اِنَّ الشَّیْطٰنَ كَانَ لِلْاِنْسَانِ عَدُوًّا مُّبِیْنًا
“(O Prophet) Tell My servants to say what is the best. Satan spreads discord among them. Satan is an open enemy to man.” (17:53)
وَیَدْرَءُوْنَ بِالْحَسَنَۃِ السَّیِّئَۃَ وَ مِمَّا رَزَقْنٰهُمْ یُنْفِقُوْنَ وَاِذَا سَمِعُوا اللَّغْوَ اَعْرَضُوْا عَنْهُ وَقَالُوْا لَنَاۤ اَعْمَالُنَا وَلَکُمْ اَعْمَالُکُمْ ۫ سَلٰمٌ عَلَیْکُمْ ۫ لَا نَبْتَغِی الْجٰهِلِیْنَ
“……… And they (believers) counter evil with good; and from Our provisions to them, they spend (in charity). And when they hear vain foul talk, they turn away from it, and say, ‘We have our deeds, and you have yours; we wish you peace; we have nothing to do the ignorant.” (28:54 – 55)
وَ الَّذِیْنَ اجْتَنَبُوا الطَّاغُوْتَ اَنْ یَّعْبُدُوْهَا وَاَنَابُوْۤا اِلَی اللّٰهِ لَهُمُ الْبُشْرٰی ۚ فَبَشِّرْ عِبَادِ الَّذِیْنَ یَسْتَمِعُوْنَ الْقَوْلَ فَیَتَّبِعُوْنَ اَحْسَنَہٗ ؕ اُولٰٓئِكَ الَّذِیْنَ هَدٰىهُمُ اللّٰهُ وَاُولٰٓئِكَ هُمْ اُولُوا الْاَلْبَابِ
“There is the good news for those who avoid the worship of false deities and turn to Allah. So, give good news to My servants. Those who listen to the Word and follow the best of it – these are the ones whom Allah has guided. These are people endowed with intellect.” (39:17 – 18)
فَاجْتَنِبُوا الرِّجْسَ مِنَ الْاَوْثَانِ وَاجْتَنِبُوْا قَوْلَ الزُّوْرِ
“……. Then abstain from the impurity of idols and shun the false talk.” (22:30)
وَ مَنْ اَحْسَنُ قَوْلًا مِّمَّنْ دَعَاۤ اِلَی اللّٰهِ وَعَمِلَ صَالِحًا وَقَالَ اِنَّنِیْ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِیْنَ
“And who is better in speech than someone who calls to Allah, and acts with integrity, and says, ‘I am of those who submit (to Allah)?” (41:33)
فَبِمَا رَحْمَةٍ مِّنَ اللهِ لِنْتَ لَهُمْ ط وَلَوْ كُنْتَ فَظًّا غَلِيْظَ الْقَلْبِ لَانْفَضُّوْا مِنْ حَوْلِكَ ط فَاعْفُ عَنْهُمْ وَاسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ ط وَشَاوِرْهُمْ فِى الْاَمْرِ ط فَاِذَا عَزَمْتَ فَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى اللهِ ط اِنَّ اللهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُتَوَكِّلِيْنَ
“And it was by Allah’s grace that you (O Prophet) did deal gently with your followers: for if you had been harsh and hard of heart, they would indeed have detached from you. Pardon them and pray for their forgiveness. And take counsel with them in all matters of public concern; then, when you have decided upon a course of action, place your trust in Allah: for, verily Allah loves those who place their trust in Him.” (3:159)
یٰۤاَیُّهَا الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللّٰهَ وَقُوْلُوْا قَوْلًا سَدِیْدًا یُّصْلِحْ لَکُمْ اَعْمَالَکُمْ وَیَغْفِرْ لَکُمْ ذُنُوْبَکُمْ ؕ وَمَنْ یُّطِعِ اللّٰهَ وَرَسُوْلَہٗ فَقَدْ فَازَ فَوْزًا عَظِیْمًا
“O Believers! Be fear Allah and speak the right word. He will rectify your conduct for you and will forgive you your sins. Whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger will certainly achieve a great success.” (33:70 – 71)
اَلَمْ تَرَ كَیْفَ ضَرَبَ اللّٰهُ مَثَلًا كَلِمَۃً طَیِّبَۃً كَشَجَرَۃٍ طَیِّبَۃٍ اَصْلُهَا ثَابِتٌ وَّفَرْعُهَا فِی السَّمَآءِ تُؤْتِیْۤ اُکُلَهَا کُلَّ حِیْنٍۭ بِاِذْنِ رَبِّهَا ؕ وَیَضْرِبُ اللّٰهُ الْاَمْثَالَ لِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمْ یَتَذَكَرُوْنَ وَمَثَلُ كَلِمَۃٍ خَبِیْثَۃٍ كَشَجَرَۃٍ خَبِیْثَۃِۣ اجْتُثَّتْ مِنْ فَوْقِ الْاَرْضِ مَا لَهَا مِنْ قَرَارٍ یُثَبِّتُ اللّٰهُ الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْا بِالْقَوْلِ الثَّابِتِ فِی الْحَیٰوۃِ الدُّنْیَا وَفِی الْاٰخِرَۃِ ۚ …..
“Do you not see how Allah compares a good word with a good tree? – its root is firm, and its branches are in the sky. It yields its fruits every season by the will of its Lord. Allah presents the examples to the people, so that they may reflect. And the parable of a bad word is that of a bad tree – it is uprooted from the ground; it has no stability. Allah gives firmness to those who believe, with the firm word, in this life, and in the Hereafter ……..” (14:24 – 27)
یٰۤاَیُّهَا الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْا لِمَ تَقُوْلُوْنَ مَا لَا تَفْعَلُوْنَ كَبُرَ مَقْتًا عِنْدَ اللّٰهِ اَنْ تَقُوْلُوْا مَا لَا تَفْعَلُوْنَ
“O Believers! Why do you say what you do not do? It is most hateful to Allah that you say what you do not do.” (61:2 – 3)
وَاقْصِدْ فِي مَشْيِكَ وَاغْضُضْ مِن صَوْتِكَ إِنَّ أَنكَرَ الْأَصْوَاتِ لَصَوْتُ الْحَمِيرِ
“Hence, be modest in your behavior, and lower your voice: for, behold, the ugliest of all voices is the bristly voice of asses…” (31:19)
یٰۤاَیُّهَا الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْۤا اِذَا قِیْلَ لَکُمْ تَفَسَّحُوْا فِی الْمَجٰلِسِ فَافْسَحُوْا یَفْسَحِ اللّٰهُ لَکُمْ ۚ وَ اِذَا قِیْلَ انْشُزُوْا فَانْشُزُوْا یَرْفَعِ اللّٰهُ الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْا مِنْکُمْ ۙ وَالَّذِیْنَ اُوْتُوا الْعِلْمَ دَرَجٰتٍ ؕ وَاللّٰهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُوْنَ خَبِیْرٌ
“O Believers! When you are told to make room in your gatherings, make room; Allah will make room for you. And when you are told to disperse, disperse. Allah elevates in ranks those among you who believe and are given knowledge. Allah is Aware of what you do.” (58:11)
وَ لَا تَقْفُ مَا لَیْسَ لَكَ بِہٖ عِلْمٌ ؕ اِنَّ السَّمْعَ وَالْبَصَرَ وَالْفُؤَادَ کُلُّ اُولٰٓئِكَ كَانَ عَنْهُ مَسْـُٔوْلًا وَلَا تَمْشِ فِی الْاَرْضِ مَرَحًا ۚ اِنَّكَ لَنْ تَخْرِقَ الْاَرْضَ وَلَنْ تَبْلُغَ الْجِبَالَ طُوْلًا
“And do not occupy yourself with what you have no knowledge of. The hearing, and the sight, and the brains – all these will be questioned. And do not walk arrogantly on earth. You can neither cleave the earth, nor can you match the mountains in height.” (17:36 – 37)
وَ عِبَادُ الرَّحْمٰنِ الَّذِیْنَ یَمْشُوْنَ عَلَی الْاَرْضِ هَوْنًا وَاِذَا خَاطَبَهُمُ الْجٰهِلُوْنَ قَالُوْا سَلٰمًا وَالَّذِیْنَ یَبِیْتُوْنَ لِرَبِّهِمْ سُجَّدًا وَقِیَامًا
“And the servants of the ‘Rahman’ ((Allah) are those who walk on the earth in humility, and when the ignorant people speak with them, they say, ‘Peace!’; Those who spend the night in prostrating and standing before their Lord.” (25:63 – 64)
وَ الَّذِیْنَ لَا یَشْهَدُوْنَ الزُّوْرَ ۙ وَاِذَا مَرُّوْا بِاللَّغْوِ مَرُّوْا كِرَامًا وَالَّذِیْنَ اِذَا ذُكِرُوْا بِاٰیٰتِ رَبِّهِمْ لَمْ یَخِرُّوْا عَلَیْهَا صُمًّا وَعُمْیَانًا
“And those (the servants of Rahman) who do not bear false witness; and when they come across frivolous acts, they pass by gracefully. And those who, when reminded of the revelations of their Lord, do not fall before them deaf and blind.” (25:72 – 73)
وَ اِمَّا تُعْرِضَنَّ عَنْهُمُ ابْتِغَآءَ رَحْمَۃٍ مِّنْ رَّبِّكَ تَرْجُوْهَا فَقُلْ لَّهُمْ قَوْلًا مَّیْسُوْرًا
“And even if you are to turn away from those waiting for your Lord’s Mercy which you expect, then at least speak to them a word of easy kindness.” (17:28)
مَنْ كَانَ یُرِیْدُ الْعِزَّۃَ فَلِلّٰهِ الْعِزَّۃُ جَمِیْعًا ؕ اِلَیْهِ یَصْعَدُ الْكَلِمُ الطَّیِّبُ وَالْعَمَلُ الصَّالِحُ یَرْفَعُہٗ ؕ وَالَّذِیْنَ یَمْکُرُوْنَ السَّیِّاٰتِ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ شَدِیْدٌ ؕ وَ مَکْرُ اُولٰٓئِكَ هُوَ یَبُوْرُ
“Whoever desires honor – (keep in mind) all honor belongs to Allah. To Him ascends speech that is pure, and He elevates righteous conduct. As for those who plot evil, a terrible punishment awaits them, and the tactics of these will fail.” (35:10)
وَ اصْبِرْ نَفْسَكَ مَعَ الَّذِیْنَ یَدْعُوْنَ رَبَّهُمْ بِالْغَدٰوۃِ وَالْعَشِیِّ یُرِیْدُوْنَ وَجْهَہٗ وَلَا تَعْدُ عَیْنٰكَ عَنْهُمْ ۚ تُرِیْدُ زِیْنَۃَ الْحَیٰوۃِ الدُّنْیَا ۚ وَلَا تُطِعْ مَنْ اَغْفَلْنَا قَلْبَہٗ عَنْ ذِکْرِنَا وَاتَّبَعَ هَوٰىهُ وَكَانَ اَمْرُہٗ فُرُطًا
“And keep attached yourself with those who call their Lord morning and evening, desiring His pleasure. And do not turn your eyes away from them, desiring the glitter of this world. And do not obey him whose heart We have made heedless of Our remembrance – one who follows his own desires – and his activities have transgressed.” (18:28)
یٰۤاَیُّهَا الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْۤا اِنْ جَآءَکُمْ فَاسِقٌۢ بِنَبَاٍ فَتَبَیَّنُوْۤا اَنْ تُصِیْبُوْا قَوْمًۢا بِجَهَالَۃٍ فَتُصْبِحُوْا عَلٰی مَا فَعَلْتُمْ نٰدِمِیْنَ
“O Believers! If a troublemaker brings you any news, investigate, lest you harm people out of ignorance, and lest you have to be regretful for what you have done.” (49:6)
اِنَّمَا الْمُؤْمِنُوْنَ اِخْوَۃٌ فَاَصْلِحُوْا بَیْنَ اَخَوَیْکُمْ وَاتَّقُوا اللّٰهَ لَعَلَّکُمْ تُرْحَمُوْنَ
“The believers are brothers, so reconcile between your brothers, and remain conscious of Allah, so that you may receive mercy.” (49:10)
یٰۤاَیُّهَا الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْا لَا یَسْخَرْ قَوْمٌ مِّنْ قَوْمٍ عَسٰۤی اَنْ یَّکُوْنُوْا خَیْرًا مِّنْهُمْ وَلَا نِسَآءٌ مِّنْ نِّسَآءٍ عَسٰۤی اَنْ یَّکُنَّ خَیْرًا مِّنْهُنَّ ۚ وَلَا تَلْمِزُوْۤا اَنْفُسَکُمْ وَلَا تَنَابَزُوْا بِالْاَلْقَابِ ؕ بِئْسَ الِاسْمُ الْفُسُوْقُ بَعْدَ الْاِیْمَانِ ۚ وَمَنْ لَّمْ یَتُبْ فَاُولٰٓئِكَ هُمُ الظّٰلِمُوْنَ
“O Believers! Let not some people ridicule other people, for they may be better than those who ridicule. Nor should any women mock other women, for they may be better than those who mock. Nor shall you slander one another, nor shall you insult one another calling by bad name. After having attained faith, if they are called in bad names, is a sin. Whoever does not repent – these are the wrongdoers.” (49:11)
یٰۤاَیُّهَا الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوا اجْتَنِبُوْا كَثِیْرًا مِّنَ الظَّنِّ ۫ اِنَّ بَعْضَ الظَّنِّ اِثْمٌ وَلَا تَجَسَّسُوْا وَلَا یَغْتَبْ بَّعْضُکُمْ بَعْضًا ؕ اَیُحِبُّ اَحَدُکُمْ اَنْ یَّاْکُلَ لَحْمَ اَخِیْهِ مَیْتًا فَكَرِهْتُمُوْهُ ؕ وَاتَّقُوا اللّٰهَ ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ تَوَّابٌ رَّحِیْمٌ
“O Believers! Avoid much suspicion – some suspicion is sinful. And do not spy on one another, not backbite one another. Would any of you like to eat the flesh of his dead brother? You would detest it. So, remain aware of Allah. Allah is Most Relenting, Most Merciful.” (49:12)
اِدْفَعْ بِالَّتِیْ هِیَ اَحْسَنُ السَّیِّئَۃَ ؕ……
“Repel evil by what is best……” (23:96)
اَلَمْ تَرَ اِلَی الَّذِیْنَ نُهُوْا عَنِ النَّجْوٰی ثُمَّ یَعُوْدُوْنَ لِمَا نُهُوْا عَنْهُ وَیَتَنٰجَوْنَ بِالْاِثْمِ وَالْعُدْوَانِ وَمَعْصِیَتِ الرَّسُوْلِ ۫ وَاِذَا جَآءُوْكَ حَیَّوْكَ بِمَا لَمْ یُحَیِّكَ بِهِ اللّٰهُ ۙ وَیَقُوْلُوْنَ فِیْۤ اَنْفُسِهِمْ لَوْ لَا یُعَذِّبُنَا اللّٰهُ بِمَا نَقُوْلُ ؕ حَسْبُهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ ۚ یَصْلَوْنَهَا ۚ فَبِئْسَ الْمَصِیْرُ
“Have you not noticed how those who were prohibited from conspiring secretly, but then reverted to what they were prohibited from? They conspire to commit sin, aggression and defiance of the Messenger. And when they come to you, they greet you with a greeting that Allah never greeted you with. And they say within themselves, ‘Why does Allah not punish us for what we say?’ Hell is enough for them. They will roast in it. What a miserable destiny!” (58:8)
یٰۤاَیُّهَا الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْۤا اِذَا تَنَاجَیْتُمْ فَلَا تَتَنَاجَوْا بِالْاِثْمِ وَالْعُدْوَانِ وَمَعْصِیَتِ الرَّسُوْلِ وَتَنَاجَوْا بِالْبِرِّ وَالتَّقْوٰی ؕ وَاتَّقُوا اللّٰهَ الَّذِیْۤ اِلَیْهِ تُحْشَرُوْنَ اِنَّمَا النَّجْوٰی مِنَ الشَّیْطٰنِ لِیَحْزُنَ الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْا وَلَیْسَ بِضَآرِّهِمْ شَیْئًا اِلَّا بِاِذْنِ اللّٰهِ ؕ وَعَلَی اللّٰهِ فَلْیَتَوَكَلِ الْمُؤْمِنُوْنَ
“O Believers! When you converse secretly, do not converse in sin, and aggression, and disobedience of the Messenger; but converse in virtue and piety; And fear Allah, to Whom you will be gathered. Conspiracies are from Satan, that he may dishearten those who believe; but he will not harm them in the least, except by leave of Allah. So, let the believers put their trust in Allah.” (58:9 – 10)
وَ لَا تُجَادِلُوْۤا اَهْلَ الْكِتٰبِ اِلَّا بِالَّتِیْ هِیَ اَحْسَنُ ٭ۖ اِلَّا الَّذِیْنَ ظَلَمُوْا مِنْهُمْ وَقُوْلُوْۤا اٰمَنَّا بِالَّذِیْۤ اُنْزِلَ اِلَیْنَا وَاُنْزِلَ اِلَیْکُمْ وَاِلٰـهُنَا وَاِلٰـهُکُمْ وَاحِدٌ وَ نَحْنُ لَہٗ مُسْلِمُوْنَ
“And do not argue with the People of the Scripture except in the best manner possible, except those who do wrong among them. And say, ‘We believe in what was revealed to us, and in what was revealed to you; and our Allah and your God is One; and to Him we are submissive’.” (29:46)
اُدْعُ اِلٰی سَبِیْلِ رَبِّكَ بِالْحِکْمَۃِ وَالْمَوْعِظَۃِ الْحَسَنَۃِ وَجَادِلْهُمْ بِالَّتِیْ هِیَ اَحْسَنُ ؕ اِنَّ رَبَّكَ هُوَ اَعْلَمُ بِمَنْ ضَلَّ عَنْ سَبِیْلِہٖ وَهُوَ اَعْلَمُ بِالْمُہْتَدِیْنَ
“Invite to the way of your Lord with wisdom and good advice, and debate with them in the most dignified manner. Your Lord is aware of those who stray from His path, and He is aware of those who are guided.” (16:125)
…….. لَا تَفْرَحْ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ لَا یُحِبُّ الْفَرِحِیْنَ
“……… Do not be boastful; Allah does not love the boastful ones.” (28:76)
وَ لَا تَمْشِ فِی الْاَرْضِ مَرَحًا ۚ اِنَّكَ لَنْ تَخْرِقَ الْاَرْضَ وَلَنْ تَبْلُغَ الْجِبَالَ طُوْلًا
“Nor walk on the earth with insolence: for you cannot split the earth apart, nor reach the mountains in height.” (17:37)
وَاَحْسِنْ كَمَاۤ اَحْسَنَ اللّٰهُ اِلَیْكَ وَلَا تَبْغِ الْفَسَادَ فِی الْاَرْضِ ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ لَا یُحِبُّ الْمُفْسِدِیْنَ
“……… And be benevolent, as Allah has been generous to you. And do not seek corruption in the land. Allah does not like the seekers of corruption.” (28:77)
وَ لَا تُبَذِّرْ تَبْذِیْرًا ….
“….. And waste not (your wealth) in the manner of an extravagant.” (17:26)
وَأَطْعِمُوا الْقَانِعَ وَالْمُعْتَرَّ كَذَلِكَ سَخَّرْنَاهَا لَكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ
“…….. And feed the poor who is contented with his lot (and does not beg), as well as him who is forced to beg. It is to this end that We have made them subservient to your needs, so that you might have cause to be grateful. (22:36)
فَلَمَّا جَآءَ سُلَیْمٰنَ قَالَ اَتُمِدُّوْنَنِ بِمَالٍ ۫ فَمَاۤ اٰتٰىنِ ےَ اللّٰهُ خَیْرٌ مِّمَّاۤ اٰتٰىکُمْ ۚ بَلْ اَنْتُمْ بِهَدِیَّتِکُمْ تَفْرَحُوْنَ
“…….. Are you offering me wealth? But that which God has given me is better than all that He has given you! Indeed, it is you that would rejoice in this gift of yours!” (27:36)
اِذْ تَلَقَّوْنَہٗ بِاَلْسِنَتِکُمْ وَ تَقُوْلُوْنَ بِاَفْوَاهِکُمْ مَّا لَیْسَ لَکُمْ بِہٖ عِلْمٌ وَّ تَحْسَبُوْنَہٗ هَیِّنًا ٭ۖ وَّ هُوَ عِنْدَ اللّٰهِ عَظِیْمٌ
“When you take it up with your tongues, uttering with your mouths something of which you have no knowledge, and deeming it a light matter whereas in the sight of God it is an awful thing!” (24:15))
لَوْ لَاۤ اِذْ سَمِعْتُمُوْهُ ظَنَّ الْمُؤْمِنُوْنَ وَ الْمُؤْمِنٰتُ بِاَنْفُسِهِمْ خَیْرًا ۙ وَّ قَالُوْا هٰذَاۤ اِفْکٌ مُّبِیْنٌ
“Why do not the believing men and women, whenever such (a rumor) is heard, think the best of one another and say, ‘This is an obvious falsehood’?” (24:12)
وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ عَنِ اللَّغْوِ مُعْرِضُونَ
“(Successful are those) ……. and who turn away from all vain talks. (23:3)
وَ لَا تَسْتَوِی الْحَسَنَۃُ وَلَا السَّیِّئَۃُ ؕ اِدْفَعْ بِالَّتِیْ هِیَ اَحْسَنُ فَاِذَا الَّذِیْ بَیْنَكَ وَبَیْنَہٗ عَدَاوَۃٌ كَاَنَّہٗ وَلِیٌّ حَمِیْمٌ
“Good and evil are not equal. Repel evil with good, then the person who was your enemy becomes like an intimate friend.” (41:34)
فَلَا تُزَكُّوْٓا اَنْفُسَكُمْ هُوَ اعْلَمُ بِمَنِ اتَّقٰى
“……… So do not acclaim your own virtue; He is fully aware of the righteous.” (53:32)
وَلَا تَسُبُّوْا الَّذِيْنَ يَدْعُوْنَ مِنْ دُوْنِ اللهِ فَيَسُبُّوْا اللهَ عَدْوًۢا بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍۗ
“Do not condemn those whom they call upon besides Allah, lest they out of spite revile Allah in their ignorance. …….” (6:108)
یٰۤاَیُّهَا الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْا لَا تَسْـَٔلُوْا عَنْ اَشْیَآءَ اِنْ تُبْدَ لَکُمْ تَسُؤْکُمْ ۚ
“O Believers! Do not ask about things that would trouble you if disclosed to you …….” (5:101)
اِنَّمَا نُطْعِمُکُمْ لِوَجْهِ اللّٰهِ لَا نُرِیْدُ مِنْکُمْ جَزَآءً وَّ لَا شُکُوْرًا
“We feed you for the sake of Allah alone: we desire no recompense from you, nor thanks.” (76:9)
یٰۤاَیُّهَا الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْا لَا تُبْطِلُوْا صَدَقٰتِکُمْ بِالْمَنِّ وَالْاَذٰی ۙ
“O Believers! Do not waste your charitable deeds with reminders and spiteful words…….” (2:264)
وَ اِنْ جَنَحُوْا لِلسَّلْمِ فَاجْنَحْ لَهَا وَتَوَكَلْ عَلَی اللّٰهِ ؕ اِنَّہٗ هُوَ السَّمِیْعُ الْعَلِیْمُ
“But if the enemy inclines towards peace, you (also) incline towards peace, and trust in Allah, for He is One Who hears and knows (all things).” (8:61)
وَ لَا تُصَعِّرْ خَدَّكَ لِلنَّاسِ وَلَا تَمْشِ فِی الْاَرْضِ مَرَحًا ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ لَا یُحِبُّ کُلَّ مُخْتَالٍ فَخُوْرٍ
“And do not neglect people with arrogance, nor walk proudly on earth. Allah does not love the arrogant showoffs.” (31:18)
Patience and Restraints
“O Believers! Be patient, and vie with each other in patience, stand firm in your faith, and fear Allah, so that you may succeed.” (3:200)
Patience is a great virtue in Islam that involves perseverance, endurance, forbearance, diligence, and restraint. It is a distinguishing feature of the minds of those who have firm belief and trust in Allah (SWT) as a Disposer of all affairs and maintain patience in times of adversity and restraints in times of affluence. Abu Sa’eed Al-Khoodri () in a Hadith reported: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: ‘Whoever would be patient Allah will make him patient. There is no gift that is better and more comprehensive than patience.’ (Sahih Bukhari).
The verses related to the above topic are given below:
اُولٰٓئِكَ یُجْزَوْنَ الْغُرْفَۃَ بِمَا صَبَرُوْا وَیُلَقَّوْنَ فِیْهَا تَحِیَّۃً وَّسَلٰمًا خٰلِدِیْنَ فِیْهَا ؕ حَسُنَتْ مُسْتَقَرًّا وَّ مُقَامًا
“Those will be awarded the home in the paradise for their patience and will be greeted therein with greetings and peace. Abiding therein forever – how excellent it is as abode.” (25:75 – 76)
وَ اسْتَعِیْنُوْا بِالصَّبْرِ وَالصَّلٰوۃِ ؕ وَاِنَّهَا لَكَبِیْرَۃٌ اِلَّا عَلَی الْخٰشِعِیْنَ
“And seek help through patience and prayer. But it is difficult enough, except for the humble ones.” (2:45)
وَ قَالَ الَّذِیْنَ اُوْتُوا الْعِلْمَ وَیْلَکُمْ ثَوَابُ اللّٰهِ خَیْرٌ لِّمَنْ اٰمَنَ وَعَمِلَ صَالِحًا ۚ وَلَا یُلَقّٰهَاۤ اِلَّا الصّٰبِرُوْنَ
“But those who had been granted (true) knowledge said: ‘Alas for you! The reward of Allah (in the Hereafter) is best for those who believe and work righteousness: but this none shall attain, save those who steadfastly persevere (in good)’.” (28:80)
وَ الَّذِیْنَ صَبَرُوا ابْتِغَآءَ وَجْهِ رَبِّهِمْ وَاَقَامُوا الصَّلٰوۃَ وَ اَنْفَقُوْا مِمَّا رَزَقْنٰهُمْ سِرًّا وَعَلَانِیَۃً وَیَدْرَءُوْنَ بِالْحَسَنَۃِ السَّیِّئَۃَ اُولٰٓئِكَ لَهُمْ عُقْبَی الدَّارِ جَنّٰتُ عَدْنٍ یَّدْخُلُوْنَهَا وَمَنْ صَلَحَ مِنْ اٰبَآئِهِمْ وَاَزْوَاجِهِمْ وَذُرِّیّٰتِهِمْ وَالْمَلٰٓئِكَۃُ یَدْخُلُوْنَ عَلَیْهِمْ مِّنْ کُلِّ بَابٍ سَلٰمٌ عَلَیْکُمْ بِمَا صَبَرْتُمْ فَنِعْمَ عُقْبَی الدَّارِ
“And those who patiently seek the pleasure of their Lord, and pray regularly, and spend from Our provisions to them, secretly and openly, and repel evil with good. These will have the Ultimate Home – Everlasting Gardens, which they will enter, along with the righteous among their parents, and their spouses, and their descendants. And the angels will enter upon them from every gate. Peace be upon you, because you endured patiently. How excellent is the Final Home!” (13:22 – 24)
وَلَتَسْمَعُنَّ مِنَ الَّذِیْنَ اُوْتُوا الْكِتٰبَ مِنْ قَبْلِکُمْ وَمِنَ الَّذِیْنَ اَشْرَکُوْۤا اَذًی كَثِیْرًا ؕ وَاِنْ تَصْبِرُوْا وَتَتَّقُوْا فَاِنَّ ذٰلِكَ مِنْ عَزْمِ الْاُمُوْرِ
“………. and you will hear from those who received the Scripture before you, and from the idol worshipers, much abuse. But if you persevere and lead a righteous life – that indeed is a mark of great moral courage and determination. (3:186)
وَالَّذِیْنَ یَجْتَنِبُوْنَ كَبٰٓئِرَ الْاِثْمِ وَالْفَوَاحِشَ وَاِذَا مَا غَضِبُوْا هُمْ یَغْفِرُوْنَ وَالَّذِیْنَ اسْتَجَابُوْا لِرَبِّهِمْ وَاَقَامُوا الصَّلٰوۃَ ۪ وَاَمْرُهُمْ شُوْرٰی بَیْنَهُمْ ۪ وَمِمَّا رَزَقْنٰهُمْ یُنْفِقُوْنَ وَالَّذِیْنَ اِذَاۤ اَصَابَهُمُ الْبَغْیُ هُمْ یَنْتَصِرُوْنَ وَجَزٰٓؤُا سَیِّئَۃٍ سَیِّئَۃٌ مِّثْلُهَا ۚ فَمَنْ عَفَا وَاَصْلَحَ فَاَجْرُہٗ عَلَی اللّٰهِ ؕ اِنَّہٗ لَا یُحِبُّ الظّٰلِمِیْنَ وَلَمَنِ انْتَصَرَ بَعْدَ ظُلْمِہٖ فَاُولٰٓئِكَ مَا عَلَیْهِمْ مِّنْ سَبِیْلٍ اِنَّمَا السَّبِیْلُ عَلَی الَّذِیْنَ یَظْلِمُوْنَ النَّاسَ وَیَبْغُوْنَ فِی الْاَرْضِ بِغَیْرِ الْحَقِّ ؕ اُولٰٓئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ اَلِیْمٌ وَ لَمَنْ صَبَرَ وَغَفَرَ اِنَّ ذٰلِكَ لَمِنْ عَزْمِ الْاُمُوْرِ
“And those who avoid major sins and indecencies; and if they become angry, they forgive. And those who respond to their Lord, and pray regularly, and conduct their affairs by mutual consultation and give (in charity) out of what We have provided them. And those who, when wronged, defend themselves. The requiting of a bad action is one equivalent to it. But whoever pardons and makes reconciliation, his/her reward lies with Allah. Certainly, He does not love the unjust. As for those who retaliate after being wronged, there is no blame on them. Blame lies on those who oppress people and commit aggression in the land without right. These will have a painful punishment. But whoever endures patiently and forgives – that is a sign of great courage and resolution.” (42:37 – 43)
یٰۤاَیُّهَا الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوا اصْبِرُوْا وَصَابِرُوْا وَرَابِطُوْا ۟ وَاتَّقُوا اللّٰهَ لَعَلَّکُمْ تُفْلِحُوْنَ
“O Believers! Be patient, and vie with each other in patience, stand firm in your faith, and fear Allah, so that you may succeed.” (3:200)
وَمِنْهُمْ مَّنْ یَّلْمِزُكَ فِی الصَّدَقٰتِ ۚ فَاِنْ اُعْطُوْا مِنْهَا رَضُوْا وَاِنْ لَّمْ یُعْطَوْا مِنْهَاۤ اِذَا هُمْ یَسْخَطُوْنَ وَلَوْ اَنَّهُمْ رَضُوْا مَاۤ اٰتٰىهُمُ اللّٰهُ وَرَسُوْلُہٗ ۙ وَقَالُوْا حَسْبُنَا اللّٰهُ سَیُؤْتِیْنَا اللّٰهُ مِنْ فَضْلِہٖ وَرَسُوْلُہٗۤ ۙ اِنَّاۤ اِلَی اللّٰهِ رٰغِبُوْنَ
“And among them are those who criticize you with regard to charities. If they are given some of it, they become pleased; but if they are not given any, they grow resentful. If only they were content with what Allah and His Messenger have given them, and said, ‘Allah is sufficient for us; Allah will give us of His bounty, and so will His Messenger; to Allah we eagerly turn with hope’.” (9:58 – 59)
وَ اتَّبِعْ مَا یُوْحٰۤی اِلَیْكَ وَاصْبِرْ حَتّٰی یَحْکُمَ اللّٰهُ ۚۖ وَهُوَ خَیْرُ الْحٰكِمِیْنَ
“And follow what is revealed to you, and be patient until Allah gives His Judgement, for He is the Best of Judges.” (10:109)
فَاصْبِرْ عَلٰی مَا یَقُوْلُوْنَ وَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ قَبْلَ طُلُوْعِ الشَّمْسِ وَقَبْلَ غُرُوْبِهَا ۚ وَمِنْ اٰنَآیِٔ الَّیْلِ فَسَبِّحْ وَاَطْرَافَ النَّهَارِ لَعَلَّكَ تَرْضٰی وَلَا تَمُدَّنَّ عَیْنَیْكَ اِلٰی مَا مَتَّعْنَا بِہٖۤ اَزْوَاجًا مِّنْهُمْ زَهْرَۃَ الْحَیٰوۃِ الدُّنْیَا ۬ۙ لِنَفْتِنَهُمْ فِیْهِ ؕ وَ رِزْقُ رَبِّكَ خَیْرٌ وَ اَبْقٰی
“So, bear patiently what they say, and celebrate the praises of your Lord before the rising of the sun, and before its setting. And during the hours of the night glorify Him, and at the borders of the day, that you may be satisfied. And do not extend your glance towards what We have given some groups of them to enjoy — the splendor of the life of this world — that We may test them thereby. Your Lord’s provision is better, and more lasting.” (20:130 – 131)
یٰۤاَیُّهَا الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوا اسْتَعِیْنُوْا بِالصَّبْرِ وَالصَّلٰوۃِ ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ مَعَ الصّٰبِرِیْنَ وَلَا تَقُوْلُوْا لِمَنْ یُّقْتَلُ فِیْ سَبِیْلِ اللّٰهِ اَمْوَاتٌ ؕ بَلْ اَحْیَآءٌ وَلٰكِنْ لَّا تَشْعُرُوْنَ وَلَنَبْلُوَنَّکُمْ بِشَیْءٍ مِّنَ الْخَوْفِ وَالْجُوْعِ وَنَقْصٍ مِّنَ الْاَمْوَالِ وَالْاَنْفُسِ وَالثَّمَرٰتِ ؕ وَبَشِّرِ الصّٰبِرِیْنَ الَّذِیْنَ اِذَاۤ اَصَابَتْهُمْ مُّصِیْبَۃٌ ۙ قَالُوْۤا اِنَّا لِلّٰهِ وَ اِنَّاۤ اِلَیْهِ رٰجِعُوْنَ اُولٰٓئِكَ عَلَیْهِمْ صَلَوٰتٌ مِّنْ رَّبِّهِمْ وَرَحْمَۃٌ ۟ وَاُولٰٓئِكَ هُمُ الْمُہْتَدُوْنَ
“O Believers! Seek help through patience and prayers. Surely Allah is with the steadfast. And do not say of those who are killed in the cause of Allah – ‘Dead’. Rather, they are alive, but you do not perceive. We will certainly test you with some fear and hunger, and some loss of possessions and lives and crops. But give good news to the steadfast. Those who, when a calamity afflicts them, say, ‘To Allah we belong, and to Him we will return.’ Upon these are blessings and mercy from their Lord. These are the rightly guided ones.” (2:153 – 157)
لَیْسَ الْبِرَّ اَنْ تُوَلُّوْا وُجُوْهَکُمْ قِبَلَ الْمَشْرِقِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ وَلٰكِنَّ الْبِرَّ مَنْ اٰمَنَ بِاللّٰهِ وَالْیَوْمِ الْاٰخِرِ وَالْمَلٰٓئِكَۃِ وَالْكِتٰبِ وَالنَّبِیّٖنَ ۚ وَاٰتَی الْمَالَ عَلٰی حُبِّہٖ ذَوِی الْقُرْبٰی وَالْیَتٰمٰی وَالْمَسٰكِیْنَ وَابْنَ السَّبِیْلِ ۙ وَالسَّآئِلِیْنَ وَفِی الرِّقَابِ ۚ وَاَقَامَ الصَّلٰوۃَ وَاٰتَی الزَّکٰوۃَ ۚ وَالْمُوْفُوْنَ بِعَہْدِهِمْ اِذَا عٰهَدُوْا ۚ وَالصّٰبِرِیْنَ فِی الْبَاْسَآءِ وَالضَّرَّآءِ وَحِیْنَ الْبَاْسِ ؕ اُولٰٓئِكَ الَّذِیْنَ صَدَقُوْا ؕ وَاُولٰٓئِكَ هُمُ الْمُتَّقُوْنَ
“It is not righteousness that you turn your faces towards east or west; but it is righteousness to believe in Allah and the Last Day, and the Angels, and the Book, and the Messengers; to spend of your wealth, out of love for Him, for your kin, for orphans, for the needy, for the wayfarer, for those who ask, and for the ransom of slaves; to be steadfast in prayer, and practice regular charity; to fulfill the contracts which you have made; and to be firm and patient, in pain (or suffering) and adversity, and throughout all periods of panic. Such are the people of truth, the righteous.” (2:177)
اَمْ حَسِبْتُمْ اَنْ تَدْخُلُوا الْجَنَّۃَ وَلَمَّا یَاْتِکُمْ مَّثَلُ الَّذِیْنَ خَلَوْا مِنْ قَبْلِکُمْ ؕ مَسَّتْهُمُ الْبَاْسَآءُ وَالضَّرَّآءُ وَزُلْزِلُوْا حَتّٰی یَقُوْلَ الرَّسُوْلُ وَالَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْا مَعَہٗ مَتٰی نَصْرُ اللّٰهِ ؕ اَلَاۤ اِنَّ نَصْرَ اللّٰهِ قَرِیْبٌ
“Or do you think that you will enter Paradise without passing over the similar condition of those people who passed before you? Adversity and hardship had afflicted them, and they were so shaken up, that the Messenger and those who believed with him said, ‘When will come Allah’s help?’ Indeed, Allah’s help is very near.” (2:214)
یٰبَنِیْۤ اٰدَمَ اِمَّا یَاْتِیَنَّکُمْ رُسُلٌ مِّنْکُمْ یَقُصُّوْنَ عَلَیْکُمْ اٰیٰتِیْ ۙ فَمَنِ اتَّقٰی وَاَصْلَحَ فَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَیْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ یَحْزَنُوْنَ
“O Children of Adam! (You were told in the beginning) when messengers from among you come to you, narrating you My revelations – whoever practices piety and reforms (mend their conducts accordingly) – upon them shall be no fear, nor shall they grieve.” (7:35)
وَالْعَصْرِ اِنَّ الْاِنْسَانَ لَفِیْ خُسْرٍ اِلَّا الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْا وَعَمِلُوا الصّٰلِحٰتِ وَتَوَاصَوْا بِالْحَقِّ ۬ۙ وَتَوَاصَوْا بِالصَّبْرِ
“By Time – Verily the human being is in loss. Except those who believe, and do good works, and encourage each other to uphold truth, and exercise and recommend patience.” (103:1 – 3)
الَّذِیْنَ یُنْفِقُوْنَ فِی السَّرَّآءِ وَالضَّرَّآءِ وَالْکٰظِمِیْنَ الْغَیْظَ وَالْعَافِیْنَ عَنِ النَّاسِ ؕ وَاللّٰهُ یُحِبُّ الْمُحْسِنِیْنَ
“Those who give (charity) in prosperity and adversity, and those who restrain anger, and those who forgive people. Allah loves the doers of good.” (3:134)
فَاصْبِرْ كَمَا صَبَرَ اُولُوا الْعَزْمِ مِنَ الرُّسُلِ وَلَا تَسْتَعْجِلْ لَّهُمْ ؕ كَاَنَّهُمْ یَوْمَ یَرَوْنَ مَا یُوْعَدُوْنَ ۙ لَمْ یَلْبَثُوْۤا اِلَّا سَاعَۃً مِّنْ نَّهَارٍ ؕ بَلٰغٌ ۚ فَهَلْ یُہْلَکُ اِلَّا الْقَوْمُ الْفٰسِقُوْنَ
“So be patient, as the messengers with high determination were patient, and do not be hasty regarding them. On the Day when they will witness what they are promised, it will seem as if they had lasted only for an hour of a day. It is a clear proclamation: Will any be destroyed except the sinful people? (46:35)
اِذْ جَعَلَ الَّذِیْنَ كَفَرُوْا فِیْ قُلُوْبِهِمُ الْحَمِیَّۃَ حَمِیَّۃَ الْجَاهِلِیَّۃِ فَاَنْزَلَ اللّٰهُ سَكِیْنَتَہٗ عَلٰی رَسُوْلِہٖ وَعَلَی الْمُؤْمِنِیْنَ وَاَلْزَمَهُمْ كَلِمَۃَ التَّقْوٰی وَكَانُوْۤا اَحَقَّ بِهَا وَاَهْلَهَا ؕ وَكَانَ اللّٰهُ بِکُلِّ شَیْءٍ عَلِیْمًا
“Those who disbelieved filled their hearts with rage – the rage of the days of ignorance. But Allah sent His serenity down upon His Messenger, and upon the believers, and imposed on them the words of righteousness – of which they were most worthy and deserving. Allah is aware of everything.” (48:26)
قَالَ مُوْسٰی لِقَوْمِهِ اسْتَعِیْنُوْا بِاللّٰهِ وَاصْبِرُوْا ۚ اِنَّ الْاَرْضَ لِلّٰهِ ۟ۙ یُوْرِثُهَا مَنْ یَّشَآءُ مِنْ عِبَادِہٖ ؕ وَالْعَاقِبَۃُ لِلْمُتَّقِیْنَ قَالُوْۤا اُوْذِیْنَا مِنْ قَبْلِ اَنْ تَاْتِیَنَا وَمِنْۢ بَعْدِ مَا جِئْتَنَا ؕ قَالَ عَسٰی رَبُّکُمْ اَنْ یُّہْلِكَ عَدُوَّکُمْ وَیَسْتَخْلِفَکُمْ فِی الْاَرْضِ فَیَنْظُرَ كَیْفَ تَعْمَلُوْنَ
“Musa said to his people, ‘Seek help in Allah, and be patient. The earth belongs to Allah. He gives it in inheritance to whomever He wills of His servants, and the future belongs to the righteous.’ They said, ‘We were persecuted before you came to us, and after you came to us.’ He said, ‘Perhaps your Lord will destroy your enemy, and make you successors in the land; then He will see how you behave’.” (7:128 – 129)
وَ اِنْ عَاقَبْتُمْ فَعَاقِبُوْا بِمِثْلِ مَا عُوْقِبْتُمْ بِہٖ ؕ وَلَئِنْ صَبَرْتُمْ لَهُوَ خَیْرٌ لِّلصّٰبِرِیْنَ وَاصْبِرْ وَمَا صَبْرُكَ اِلَّا بِاللّٰهِ وَلَا تَحْزَنْ عَلَیْهِمْ وَلَا تَکُ فِیْ ضَیْقٍ مِّمَّا یَمْکُرُوْنَ
“If you are to retaliate, retaliate to the same degree as the injury done to you. But if you resort to patience – it is better for the patient. So be patient. Your patience is solely from Allah. And do not grieve over them, and do not be stressed by their schemes.” (16:126 – 127)
فَاصْبِرْ اِنَّ وَعْدَ اللّٰهِ حَقٌّ وَاسْتَغْفِرْ لِذَنْۢبِكَ وَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ بِالْعَشِیِّ وَالْاِبْكَارِ
“So be patient. The promise of Allah is true. And ask forgiveness for your sin and proclaim the praise of your Lord evening and morning.” (40:55)
وَ مَا یُلَقّٰهَاۤ اِلَّا الَّذِیْنَ صَبَرُوْا ۚ وَمَا یُلَقّٰهَاۤ اِلَّا ذُوْحَظٍّ عَظِیْمٍ
“No one will be granted such goodness except those who exercise patience and self-restraint, none but the most fortunate one.” (41:35)
اِنَّہٗ مَنْ یَّـتَّقِ وَیَصْبِرْ فَاِنَّ اللّٰهَ لَا یُضِیْعُ اَجْرَ الْمُحْسِنِیْنَ
“………. He who practices piety and patience – Allah does not waste the reward such righteous people.” (12:90)
مَا عِنْدَکُمْ یَنْفَدُ وَمَا عِنْدَ اللّٰهِ بَاقٍ ؕ وَلَنَجْزِیَنَّ الَّذِیْنَ صَبَرُوْۤا اَجْرَهُمْ بِاَحْسَنِ مَا كَانُوْا یَعْمَلُوْنَ
“What is with you will be exhausted, but what is with Allah will never deplete. We will reward those who are patient according to the best of their deeds.” (16:96)
یٰۤاَیُّهَا الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْۤا اِذَا لَقِیْتُمْ فِئَۃً فَاثْبُتُوْا وَاذْکُرُوا اللّٰهَ كَثِیْرًا لَّعَلَّکُمْ تُفْلِحُوْنَ وَاَطِیْعُوا اللّٰهَ وَرَسُوْلَہٗ وَلَا تَنَازَعُوْا فَتَفْشَلُوْا وَتَذْهَبَ رِیْحُکُمْ وَاصْبِرُوْا ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ مَعَ الصّٰبِرِیْنَ
“O Believers! When you encounter a force, stand firm, and remember Allah much, so that you may prevail. And obey Allah and His Messenger, and do not dispute, lest you falter and lose your courage. And be patient. Allah is with the patient.” (8:45 – 46)
وَ لَمَّا بَرَزُوْا لِجَالُوْتَ وَجُنُوْدِہٖ قَالُوْا رَبَّنَاۤ اَفْرِغْ عَلَیْنَا صَبْرًا وَثَبِّتْ اَقْدَامَنَا وَانْصُرْنَا عَلَی الْقَوْمِ الْکٰفِرِیْنَ
“And when they (Taloot’s force) confronted ‘Jaloot’ (Goliath) and his troops, they said, ‘Our Lord, pour down patience on us, and strengthen our foothold, and support us against the faithless people.” (2:250)
اَرَءَیْتَ مَنِ اتَّخَذَ اِلٰـهَہٗ هَوٰىهُ ؕ اَفَاَنْتَ تَکُوْنُ عَلَیْهِ وَكِیْلًا اَمْ تَحْسَبُ اَنَّ اَکْثَرَهُمْ یَسْمَعُوْنَ اَوْ یَعْقِلُوْنَ ؕ اِنْ هُمْ اِلَّا كَالْاَنْعَامِ بَلْ هُمْ اَضَلُّ سَبِیْلًا
“Have you seen him who chose his desire as his god? Would you be a trustee for him? Or do you assume that most of them hear or understand? They are just like four-footed animals, but even more errant in their way.” (25:43 – 44)
قُلْ کُلٌّ مُّتَرَبِّصٌ فَتَرَبَّصُوْا ۚ فَسَتَعْلَمُوْنَ مَنْ اَصْحٰبُ الصِّرَاطِ السَّوِیِّ وَمَنِ اهْتَدٰی
“(O Prophet) Say, ‘Everybody is waiting, so wait. You will know who the people of the straight path are, and who is rightly guided’.” (2:135)
Modesty and Decorum in Islam
Islam promotes modesty and decorum in every aspect of life and forbids obscenity and nudity. Maintaining privacy and modesty is one of the basic principles of Islam and a sign of a good upbringing. It helps grow physical and mental restraints to protect oneself from evil desire and lustful activities. Modesty in the Qur’an concerns both men’s and women’s “gaze, gait, garments, and genitalia”. Modesty and shyness require purity of body and mind from all types of indecencies, obscenities and nudities.
Covering the body with modest clothing is a must for all Muslims to maintain shyness and shun nudity. Women’s dresses have been prescribed to cover the body from neck to ankles. Both men and women are required to cover the private organs of their bodies. Allah (SWT) asked women to “draw their head-coverings over their chests.” (24:30-31). Allah (SWT) has also urged all believers to wear clean and decent dress at the time of Salat (prayer).
Obscenity, nudity and reckless free mixing in the unveiled condition generally instigate and indulge people to get involved in illicit relationships, which ultimately create disaster in human society. Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) once warned that ‘in later generations, there would be people ‘who are dressed yet naked.’
The Qur’anic verses on this topic are mentioned below:
یٰبَنِیْۤ اٰدَمَ خُذُوْا زِیْنَتَکُمْ عِنْدَ کُلِّ مَسْجِدٍ وَکُلُوْا وَاشْرَبُوْا وَلَا تُسْرِفُوْا ۚ اِنَّہٗ لَا یُحِبُّ الْمُسْرِفِیْنَ قُلْ مَنْ حَرَّمَ زِیْنَۃَ اللّٰهِ الَّتِیْۤ اَخْرَجَ لِعِبَادِہٖ وَالطَّیِّبٰتِ مِنَ الرِّزْقِ ؕ قُلْ هِیَ لِلَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْا فِی الْحَیٰوۃِ الدُّنْیَا خَالِصَۃً یَّوْمَ الْقِیٰمَۃِ ؕ كَذٰلِكَ نُفَصِّلُ الْاٰیٰتِ لِقَوْمٍ یَّعْلَمُوْنَ قُلْ اِنَّمَا حَرَّمَ رَبِّیَ الْفَوَاحِشَ مَا ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا وَ مَا بَطَنَ
“O Children of Adam! wear your beautiful apparel at every time and place of prayer: eat and drink: But waste not by excess, for Allah loveth not the wasters. (O Prophet) Say: Who has forbidden the adornments of Allah, which He has produced for His servants, and the things, clean and pure, (which He has provided) for sustenance? Say: These are for those who believe in the life of this world, (and) purely for them on the Day of Qiyamah. Thus, We explain the signs in detail for those who understand. Say: the things that my Lord has indeed forbidden are shameful deeds, whether open or secret………” (7:31 – 33)
قُلْ لِّلْمُؤْمِنِیْنَ یَغُضُّوْا مِنْ اَبْصَارِهِمْ وَیَحْفَظُوْا فُرُوْجَهُمْ ؕ ذٰلِكَ اَزْکٰی لَهُمْ ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ خَبِیْرٌۢ بِمَا یَصْنَعُوْنَ وَقُلْ لِّلْمُؤْمِنٰتِ یَغْضُضْنَ مِنْ اَبْصَارِهِنَّ وَیَحْفَظْنَ فُرُوْجَهُنَّ وَلَا یُبْدِیْنَ زِیْنَتَهُنَّ اِلَّا مَا ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا وَلْیَضْرِبْنَ بِخُمُرِهِنَّ عَلٰی جُیُوْبِهِنَّ ۪ وَلَا یُبْدِیْنَ زِیْنَتَهُنَّ اِلَّا لِبُعُوْلَتِهِنَّ اَوْ اٰبَآئِهِنَّ اَوْ اٰبَآءِ بُعُوْلَتِهِنَّ اَوْ اَبْنَآئِهِنَّ اَوْ اَبْنَآءِ بُعُوْلَتِهِنَّ اَوْ اِخْوَانِهِنَّ اَوْ بَنِیْۤ اِخْوَانِهِنَّ اَوْ بَنِیْۤ اَخَوٰتِهِنَّ اَوْ نِسَآئِهِنَّ اَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ اَیْمَانُهُنَّ اَوِ التّٰبِعِیْنَ غَیْرِ اُولِی الْاِرْبَۃِ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ اَوِ الطِّفْلِ الَّذِیْنَ لَمْ یَظْهَرُوْا عَلٰی عَوْرٰتِ النِّسَآءِ ۪ وَلَا یَضْرِبْنَ بِاَرْجُلِهِنَّ لِیُعْلَمَ مَا یُخْفِیْنَ مِنْ زِیْنَتِهِنَّ ؕ وَتُوْبُوْۤا اِلَی اللّٰهِ جَمِیْعًا اَیُّهَ الْمُؤْمِنُوْنَ لَعَلَّکُمْ تُفْلِحُوْنَ
“Say to the believing men to restrain their gaze, and to guard their genitals. That is purer for them. Allah is cognizant of what they do. And tell the believing women to restrain their gaze, and to guard their genitals, and not display their beauty except what is apparent thereof, and to draw their coverings over their breasts, and not expose their beauty except to their husbands, their fathers, their husbands’ fathers, their sons, their husbands’ sons, their brothers, their brothers’ sons, their sisters’ sons, their women, what their right hands possess (maids), their male attendants who have no sexual desires, or children who are not yet aware of the nakedness of women. And they should not strike their feet on the ground to draw attention to their hidden ornaments. And repent to Allah, all of you believers, so that you may succeed.” (24:30 – 31)
یٰۤاَیُّهَا النَّبِیُّ قُلْ لِّاَزْوَاجِكَ وَ بَنٰتِكَ وَنِسَآءِ الْمُؤْمِنِیْنَ یُدْنِیْنَ عَلَیْهِنَّ مِنْ جَلَابِیْبِهِنَّ ؕ ذٰلِكَ اَدْنٰۤی اَنْ یُّعْرَفْنَ فَلَا یُؤْذَیْنَ ؕ وَكَانَ اللّٰهُ غَفُوْرًا رَّحِیْمًا
“O Prophet! Tell your wives, and your daughters, and the women of the believers, to draw some part of their outer garments over themselves (in public place). That is more proper, so they will be recognized and not harassed. Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.” (33:59)
یٰبَنِیْۤ اٰدَمَ قَدْ اَنْزَلْنَا عَلَیْکُمْ لِبَاسًا یُّوَارِیْ سَوْاٰتِکُمْ وَرِیْشًا ؕ وَلِبَاسُ التَّقْوٰی ۙ ذٰلِكَ خَیْرٌ ؕ ذٰلِكَ مِنْ اٰیٰتِ اللّٰهِ لَعَلَّهُمْ یَذَّكَرُوْنَ یٰبَنِیْۤ اٰدَمَ لَا یَفْتِنَنَّکُمُ الشَّیْطٰنُ كَمَاۤ اَخْرَجَ اَبَوَیْکُمْ مِّنَ الْجَنَّۃِ یَنْزِعُ عَنْهُمَا لِبَاسَهُمَا لِیُرِیَهُمَا سَوْاٰتِهِمَا ؕ اِنَّہٗ یَرٰىکُمْ هُوَ وَقَبِیْلُہٗ مِنْ حَیْثُ لَا تَرَوْنَهُمْ ؕ اِنَّا جَعَلْنَا الشَّیٰطِیْنَ اَوْلِیَآءَ لِلَّذِیْنَ لَا یُؤْمِنُوْنَ
“O children of Adam! We have provided you with clothing to cover your bodies, and for luxury. But the clothing of piety — that is the best. These are some of Allah’s revelations, so that they may take heed. O Children of Adam! Do not let Satan seduce you, as he drove your parents out of the Jannah (Paradise), stripping them of their garments, to show them their nakedness. He sees you (naked) along with his clan, from where you cannot see them. We have made the devils friends of those who do not believe.” (7:26 – 27)
یٰۤاَیُّهَا الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْا لِیَسْتَاْذِنْکُمُ الَّذِیْنَ مَلَكَتْ اَیْمَانُکُمْ وَالَّذِیْنَ لَمْ یَبْلُغُوا الْحُلُمَ مِنْکُمْ ثَلٰثَ مَرّٰتٍ ؕ مِنْ قَبْلِ صَلٰوۃِ الْفَجْرِ وَحِیْنَ تَضَعُوْنَ ثِیَابَکُمْ مِّنَ الظَّهِیْرَۃِ وَمِنْۢ بَعْدِ صَلٰوۃِ الْعِشَآءِ ؕ ثَلٰثُ عَوْرٰتٍ لَّکُمْ ؕ لَیْسَ عَلَیْکُمْ وَلَا عَلَیْهِمْ جُنَاحٌۢ بَعْدَهُنَّ ؕ طَوّٰفُوْنَ عَلَیْکُمْ بَعْضُکُمْ عَلٰی بَعْضٍ ؕ كَذٰلِكَ یُبَیِّنُ اللّٰهُ لَکُمُ الْاٰیٰتِ ؕ وَاللّٰهُ عَلِیْمٌ حَكِیْمٌ
“O Believers! Permission must be requested (for entering your room) by your servants and those of you who have not reached puberty. On three occasions: before the Dawn Prayer, and at noon when you change your clothes, and after the Evening Prayer. These are three occasions of privacy for you. At other times, it is not wrong for you or them to intermingle with one another. Allah thus clarifies the revelations for you. Allah is Knowledgeable and Wise.” (24:58)
وَ اِذَا بَلَغَ الْاَطْفَالُ مِنْکُمُ الْحُلُمَ فَلْیَسْتَاْذِنُوْا كَمَا اسْتَاْذَنَ الَّذِیْنَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ ؕ كَذٰلِكَ یُبَیِّنُ اللّٰهُ لَکُمْ اٰیٰتِہٖ ؕ وَاللّٰهُ عَلِیْمٌ حَكِیْمٌ وَالْقَوَاعِدُ مِنَ النِّسَآءِ الّٰتِیْ لَا یَرْجُوْنَ نِكَاحًا فَلَیْسَ عَلَیْهِنَّ جُنَاحٌ اَنْ یَّضَعْنَ ثِیَابَهُنَّ غَیْرَ مُتَبَرِّجٰتٍۭ بِزِیْنَۃٍ ؕ وَاَنْ یَّسْتَعْفِفْنَ خَیْرٌ لَّهُنَّ ؕ وَاللّٰهُ سَمِیْعٌ عَلِیْمٌ لَیْسَ عَلَی الْاَعْمٰی حَرَجٌ وَلَا عَلَی الْاَعْرَجِ حَرَجٌ وَلَا عَلَی الْمَرِیْضِ حَرَجٌ وَلَا عَلٰۤی اَنْفُسِکُمْ اَنْ تَاْکُلُوْا مِنْۢ بُیُوْتِکُمْ اَوْ بُیُوْتِ اٰبَآئِکُمْ اَوْ بُیُوْتِ اُمَّهٰتِکُمْ اَوْ بُیُوْتِ اِخْوَانِکُمْ اَوْ بُیُوْتِ اَخَوٰتِکُمْ اَوْ بُیُوْتِ اَعْمَامِکُمْ اَوْ بُیُوْتِ عَمّٰتِکُمْ اَوْ بُیُوْتِ اَخْوَالِکُمْ اَوْ بُیُوْتِ خٰلٰتِکُمْ اَوْ مَا مَلَکْتُمْ مَّفَاتِحَہٗۤ اَوْ صَدِیْقِکُمْ ؕ لَیْسَ عَلَیْکُمْ جُنَاحٌ اَنْ تَاْکُلُوْا جَمِیْعًا اَوْ اَشْتَاتًا ؕ …
“When the children among you reach puberty, they must ask permission, as those before them asked permission. Allah thus clarifies His revelations for you. Allah is Knowledgeable and Wise. Women past the age of childbearing, who have no desire for marriage, commit no wrong by taking off their outer clothing, provided they do not display their finery. But to maintain modesty is better for them. Allah is Hearing and Knowing. There is no blame on the blind, nor any blame on the lame, nor any blame on the sick, nor on yourselves for eating at your homes, or your fathers’ homes, or your mothers’ homes, or your brothers’ homes, or your sisters’ homes, or the homes of your paternal uncles, or the homes of your paternal aunts, or the homes of your maternal uncles, or the homes of your maternal aunts, or those whose keys you own, or the homes of your friends. You commit no wrong by eating together or separately……..” (24:59 – 61)
یٰۤاَیُّهَا الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْا لَا تَدْخُلُوْا بُیُوْتًا غَیْرَ بُیُوْتِکُمْ حَتّٰی تَسْتَاْنِسُوْا وَتُسَلِّمُوْا عَلٰۤی اَهْلِهَا ؕ ذٰلِکُمْ خَیْرٌ لَّکُمْ لَعَلَّکُمْ تَذَكَرُوْنَ فَاِنْ لَّمْ تَجِدُوْا فِیْهَاۤ اَحَدًا فَلَا تَدْخُلُوْهَا حَتّٰی یُؤْذَنَ لَکُمْ ۚ وَاِنْ قِیْلَ لَکُمُ ارْجِعُوْا فَارْجِعُوْا هُوَ اَزْکٰی لَکُمْ ؕ وَاللّٰهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُوْنَ عَلِیْمٌ لَیْسَ عَلَیْکُمْ جُنَاحٌ اَنْ تَدْخُلُوْا بُیُوْتًا غَیْرَ مَسْکُوْنَۃٍ فِیْهَا مَتَاعٌ لَّکُمْ ؕ وَاللّٰهُ یَعْلَمُ مَا تُبْدُوْنَ وَمَا تَکْتُمُوْنَ
“O Believers! Do not enter homes other than your own, until you have asked permission and greeted their occupants. That is better for you, that you may be aware. And if you find no one in them, do not enter them until you are given permission. And if it is said to you, ‘Go back,’ then go back. That is more proper for you. Allah is aware of what you do. There is no blame on you for entering uninhabited houses, if that contains benefit for you. Allah knows what you reveal and what you conceal.” (24:27 – 29)
Oaths, Swears and Pledges
“And do not use your oaths to deceive one another……” (16:94)
یُوْفُوْنَ بِالنَّذْرِ وَیَخَافُوْنَ یَوْمًا كَانَ شَرُّہٗ مُسْتَطِیْرًا
“They (Allah’s bondsmen) fulfill their vows and fear a Day the woe of which will be widespread.” (76:7)
وَ اَوْفُوْا بِعَہْدِ اللّٰهِ اِذَا عٰهَدْتُّمْ وَلَا تَنْقُضُوا الْاَیْمَانَ بَعْدَ تَوْكِیْدِهَا وَقَدْ جَعَلْتُمُ اللّٰهَ عَلَیْکُمْ كَفِیْلًا ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ یَعْلَمُ مَا تَفْعَلُوْنَ
“Fulfill Allah’s covenant when you make a covenant, and do not break your oaths after ratifying them. You have made Allah your guarantor, and Allah knows what you do.” (16:91)
وَ لَا تَکُوْنُوْا كَالَّتِیْ نَقَضَتْ غَزْلَهَا مِنْۢ بَعْدِ قُوَّۃٍ اَنْكَاثًا ؕ تَتَّخِذُوْنَ اَیْمَانَکُمْ دَخَلًۢا بَیْنَکُمْ اَنْ تَکُوْنَ اُمَّۃٌ هِیَ اَرْبٰی مِنْ اُمَّۃٍ ؕ اِنَّمَا یَبْلُوْکُمُ اللّٰهُ بِہٖ ؕ وَلَیُبَیِّنَنَّ لَکُمْ یَوْمَ الْقِیٰمَۃِ مَا کُنْتُمْ فِیْهِ تَخْتَلِفُوْنَ
“And do not be like her who unravels her yarn, breaking it into pieces, after she has spun it strongly. Nor use your oaths as means of deception among you, because one community is more prosperous than another. Allah is testing you thereby. On the Day of Resurrection, He will make clear to you everything you had disputed about.” (16:92)
اِنَّ الَّذِیْنَ یُبَایِعُوْنَكَ اِنَّمَا یُبَایِعُوْنَ اللّٰهَ ؕ یَدُ اللّٰهِ فَوْقَ اَیْدِیْهِمْ ۚ فَمَنْ نَّكَثَ فَاِنَّمَا یَنْکُثُ عَلٰی نَفْسِہٖ ۚ وَمَنْ اَوْفٰی بِمَا عٰهَدَ عَلَیْهُ اللّٰهَ فَسَیُؤْتِیْهِ اَجْرًا عَظِیْمًا
“Those who pledge allegiance to you are pledging allegiance to Allah. The hand of Allah is over their hands. Whoever breaks his pledge breaks it to his own loss. And whoever fulfills his covenant with Allah, He will grant him a great reward.” (48:10)
وَ الَّذِیْنَ هُمْ لِاَمٰنٰتِهِمْ وَعَہْدِهِمْ رٰعُوْنَ وَالَّذِیْنَ هُمْ عَلٰی صَلَوٰتِهِمْ یُحَافِظُوْنَ اُولٰٓئِكَ هُمُ الْوٰرِثُوْنَ الَّذِیْنَ یَرِثُوْنَ الْفِرْدَوْسَ ؕ هُمْ فِیْهَا خٰلِدُوْنَ
“Those who are faithful to their trusts and pledges – Those who safeguard their prayers – These are the inheritors – Who will inherit the ‘Ferdous (Paradise), wherein they will dwell forever. (23:8 – 11)
وَ لَا تَجْعَلُوا اللّٰهَ عُرْضَۃً لِّاَیْمَانِکُمْ اَنْ تَبَرُّوْا وَتَتَّقُوْا وَتُصْلِحُوْا بَیْنَ النَّاسِ ؕ وَاللّٰهُ سَمِیْعٌ عَلِیْمٌ لَا یُؤَاخِذُکُمُ اللّٰهُ بِاللَّغْوِ فِیْۤ اَیْمَانِکُمْ وَلٰكِنْ یُّؤَاخِذُکُمْ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ قُلُوْبُکُمْ ؕ وَاللّٰهُ غَفُوْرٌ حَلِیْمٌ
“And do not make your oaths in Allah’s name as hindrance to keep away from doing virtue, and righteousness, and making peace between people. Allah is Listener and Knower. Allah does not hold you responsible for your unintentional oaths, but He holds you responsible for your intentions. Allah is Forgiving and Forbearing.” (2:224 – 225)
الَّذِیْنَ یَنْقُضُوْنَ عَہْدَ اللّٰهِ مِنْۢ بَعْدِ مِیْثَاقِہٖ ۪ وَیَقْطَعُوْنَ مَاۤ اَمَرَ اللّٰهُ بِہٖۤ اَنْ یُّوْصَلَ وَیُفْسِدُوْنَ فِی الْاَرْضِ ؕ اُولٰٓئِكَ هُمُ الْخٰسِرُوْنَ
“Those who violate pledge with Allah after its confirmation, and sever what Allah has commanded to be joined, and commit evil on earth. These are indeed the losers.” (2:27)
قَدْ فَرَضَ اللّٰهُ لَکُمْ تَحِلَّۃَ اَیْمَانِکُمْ ۚ وَاللّٰهُ مَوْلٰىکُمْ ۚ وَهُوَ الْعَلِیْمُ الْحَكِیْمُ
“Allah has decreed for you the dissolution of your oaths. Allah is your Master. He is the All-Knowing, the Wisest.” (66:2)
وَ لَا تَتَّخِذُوْۤا اَیْمَانَکُمْ دَخَلًۢا بَیْنَکُمْ فَتَزِلَّ قَدَمٌۢ بَعْدَ ثُبُوْتِهَا وَتَذُوْقُوا السُّوْٓءَ بِمَا صَدَدْتُّمْ عَنْ سَبِیْلِ اللّٰهِ ۚ وَ لَکُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِیْمٌ وَلَا تَشْتَرُوْا بِعَہْدِ اللّٰهِ ثَمَنًا قَلِیْلًا ؕ اِنَّمَا عِنْدَ اللّٰهِ هُوَ خَیْرٌ لَّکُمْ اِنْ کُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُوْنَ
“And do not use your oaths to deceive one another, lest a foot may not slip after being firm, and you will taste punishment because of that you made hindrance in Allah’s path and will experience a terrible torment. And do not exchange Allah’s covenant for a small price. What is with Allah is better for you, if you only knew.” (16:94 – 95)
لَا یُؤَاخِذُکُمُ اللّٰهُ بِاللَّغْوِ فِیْۤ اَیْمَانِکُمْ وَلٰكِنْ یُّؤَاخِذُکُمْ بِمَا عَقَّدْتُّمُ الْاَیْمَانَ ۚ فَكَفَّارَتُہٗۤ اِطْعَامُ عَشَرَۃِ مَسٰكِیْنَ مِنْ اَوْسَطِ مَا تُطْعِمُوْنَ اَهْلِیْکُمْ اَوْ كِسْوَتُهُمْ اَوْ تَحْرِیْرُ رَقَبَۃٍ ؕ فَمَنْ لَّمْ یَجِدْ فَصِیَامُ ثَلٰثَۃِ اَیَّامٍ ؕ ذٰلِكَ كَفَّارَۃُ اَیْمَانِکُمْ اِذَا حَلَفْتُمْ ؕ وَاحْفَظُوْۤا اَیْمَانَکُمْ ؕ كَذٰلِكَ یُبَیِّنُ اللّٰهُ لَکُمْ اٰیٰتِہٖ لَعَلَّکُمْ تَشْکُرُوْنَ
“Allah does not hold you accountable for your unintended oaths, but He holds you accountable for your binding oaths. The atonement for it is by feeding ten needy people from the average of what you feed your families, or by clothing them, or by freeing a slave. Anyone who lacks the means shall fast for three days. That is the atonement for breaking your oaths when you have sworn them. So, keep your oaths. Thus, Allah makes clear His Revelations to you, that you may be grateful. (5:89)
وَلَا تُطِعْ كُلَّ حَلَّافٍ مَّهِيْنٍ
“And do not obey any vile swearer, who swears much and is disgraced.” (68:10)
یَحْلِفُوْنَ بِاللّٰهِ مَا قَالُوْا ؕ وَلَقَدْ قَالُوْا كَلِمَۃَ الْکُفْرِ وَكَفَرُوْا بَعْدَ اِسْلَامِهِمْ وَهَمُّوْا بِمَا لَمْ یَنَالُوْا ۚ وَمَا نَقَمُوْۤا اِلَّاۤ اَنْ اَغْنٰهُمُ اللّٰهُ وَرَسُوْلُہٗ مِنْ فَضْلِہٖ ۚ فَاِنْ یَّتُوْبُوْا یَکُ خَیْرًا لَّهُمْ ۚ وَاِنْ یَّتَوَلَّوْا یُعَذِّبْهُمُ اللّٰهُ عَذَابًا اَلِیْمًا ۙ فِی الدُّنْیَا وَالْاٰخِرَۃِ ۚ وَمَا لَهُمْ فِی الْاَرْضِ مِنْ وَّلِیٍّ وَلَا نَصِیْرٍ
“They swear by Allah that they said nothing; but they did utter the word of blasphemy, and they renounced faith after their submission. And they plotted what they could not attain. They were resentful only because Allah and His Messenger have enriched them out of His grace. If they repent, it would be best for them; but if they turn away, Allah will afflict them with a painful punishment in this life and in the Hereafter – and they will have no protector and no savior on earth.” (9:74)
اِلَّا الَّذِیْنَ عٰهَدْتُّمْ مِّنَ الْمُشْرِكِیْنَ ثُمَّ لَمْ یَنْقُصُوْکُمْ شَیْئًا وَّ لَمْ یُظَاهِرُوْا عَلَیْکُمْ اَحَدًا فَاَتِمُّوْۤا اِلَیْهِمْ عَہْدَهُمْ اِلٰی مُدَّتِهِمْ ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ یُحِبُّ الْمُتَّقِیْنَ
“But except those Mushrikeen (who ascribe partnership with Allah) – with whom you (O believers) have made a covenant and who thereafter have in no wise failed to fulfill their obligations towards you, and neither have aided anyone against you: observe, then, your covenant with them until the end of the term agreed with them. Verily, Allah loves those who are conscious of Him.” (9:4)
یٰۤاَیُّهَا النَّبِیُّ اِذَا جَآءَكَ الْمُؤْمِنٰتُ یُبَایِعْنَكَ عَلٰۤی اَنْ لَّا یُشْرِکْنَ بِاللّٰهِ شَیْئًا وَلَا یَسْرِقْنَ وَلَا یَزْنِیْنَ وَلَا یَقْتُلْنَ اَوْلَادَهُنَّ وَ لَا یَاْتِیْنَ بِبُہْتَانٍ یَّفْتَرِیْنَہٗ بَیْنَ اَیْدِیْهِنَّ وَاَرْجُلِهِنَّ وَلَا یَعْصِیْنَكَ فِیْ مَعْرُوْفٍ فَبَایِعْهُنَّ وَاسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُنَّ اللّٰهَ ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ غَفُوْرٌ رَّحِیْمٌ
“O prophet! If believing women come to you, pledging allegiance to you, on condition that they will not associate anything with Allah, nor steal, nor commit adultery, nor kill their children, nor commit perjury as to parenthood, nor disobey you in anything righteous, accept their allegiance and ask Allah’s forgiveness for them. Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.” (60:12)
Doing Justice
“…… If you judge, judge between them with justice. Indeed, Allah loves those who act justly.” (5:42).
Doing justice is the core principle as enshrined in the Qur’an. Allah (SWT) is the Most-Just, Who perfectly judges all the affairs of His servants. He has created a natural balance of justice on the earth. Nobody is allowed to break His Laws of Justice. He asks all to maintain the system of justice to establish a just society so that there is no underestimation, harm, or wrong to anyone, i.e., giving everyone their due right, and putting everyone and everything in their rightful place and time. Allah (SWT) commands us to do justice to all irrespective of caste, creed, sex, color, background, religion, social, political, economic, or any other identity. Any discrimination in dispensing justice is strictly prohibited in Islam. Every Muslim should bear in mind ‘Taqwa’ (God-consciousness) while doing justice and treating each other.
The verses on the above subject are quoted below:
یٰۤاَیُّهَا الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْا کُوْنُوْا قَوّٰمِیْنَ بِالْقِسْطِ شُهَدَآءَ لِلّٰهِ وَلَوْ عَلٰۤی اَنْفُسِکُمْ اَوِ الْوَالِدَیْنِ وَالْاَقْرَبِیْنَ ۚ اِنْ یَّکُنْ غَنِیًّا اَوْ فَقِیْرًا فَاللّٰهُ اَوْلٰی بِهِمَا ۟ فَلَا تَتَّبِعُوا الْهَوٰۤی اَنْ تَعْدِلُوْا ۚ وَاِنْ تَلْوٗۤا اَوْ تُعْرِضُوْا فَاِنَّ اللّٰهَ كَانَ بِمَا تَعْمَلُوْنَ خَبِیْرًا
“O Believers! Stand out firmly for justice, as witnesses to Allah, even though it is against yourselves, or your parents, or your kin – either rich or poor, Allah is a better Protector to both (than you). So, follow not your lusts, lest you may avoid justice, and if you distort your witnesses or bypass it, verily, Allah is ever well aware of what you do.” (4:135)
یٰۤاَیُّهَا الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْا کُوْنُوْا قَوّٰمِیْنَ لِلّٰهِ شُهَدَآءَ بِالْقِسْطِ ۫ وَلَا یَجْرِمَنَّکُمْ شَنَاٰنُ قَوْمٍ عَلٰۤی اَلَّا تَعْدِلُوْا ؕ اِعْدِلُوْا ۟ هُوَ اَقْرَبُ لِلتَّقْوٰی ۫ وَاتَّقُوا اللّٰهَ ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ خَبِیْرٌ ۢ بِمَا تَعْمَلُوْنَ
“O Believers! Stand out firmly for Allah, as just witnesses, and let not the enmity and hatred of any community make you evade justice. Be just: that is nearer to piety: and fear Allah. Verily, Allah is well-aware of what you do.” (5: 8)
اِنَّ اللّٰهَ یَاْمُرُکُمْ اَنْ تُؤَدُّوا الْاَمٰنٰتِ اِلٰۤی اَهْلِهَا ۙ وَاِذَا حَكَمْتُمْ بَیْنَ النَّاسِ اَنْ تَحْکُمُوْا بِالْعَدْلِ ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ نِعِمَّا یَعِظُکُمْ بِہٖ ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ كَانَ سَمِیْعًۢا بَصِیْرًا
“Verily, Allah commands that you should render back the trusts to those, to whom they are due; and that when you judge between men, you judge with justice. Verily, how excellent is the teaching which He (Allah) gives you! Truly, Allah is Ever All-Hearer, All Seer.” (4:58)
لَقَدْ اَرْسَلْنَا رُسُلَنَا بِالْبَيِّنٰتِ وَاَنْزَلْنَا مَعَهُمُ الْكِتٰبَ وَالْمِيْزَانَ لِيَقُوْمَ النَّاسُ بِالْقِسْطِ…
“We sent Our messengers with the clear proofs, and We sent down with them the Book and the Balance (of justice), that humanity may uphold justice………..” (57:25)
وَاَقِيْمُوْا الْوَزْنَ بِالْقِسْطِ وَلَا تُخْسِرُوْا الْمِيْزَانَ
“But maintain the weights with justice, and do not violate the balance.” (55:9)
اِنَّاۤ اَنْزَلْنَاۤ اِلَيْكَ الْكِتٰبَ بِالْحَقِّ لِتَحْكُمَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ بِمَاۤ اَرٰىكَ اللهُ وَلَا تَكُنْ لِّلْخَآئِنِيْنَ خَصِيْمًا
“We have revealed to you the Scripture, with the truth, so that you judge between people in accordance with what Allah has shown you. And do not be an advocate for the traitors.” (4:105)
………..وَاِنْ حَكَمْتَ فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالْقِسْطِ ط اِنَّ اللهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِيْنَ
“…………If you judge, judge in equity between them, for Allah loves those who judge in equity.” (5:42)
اَفِىْ قُلُوْبِهِمْ مَّرَضٌ اَمِ ارْتَابُوْۤا اَمْ يَخَافُوْنَ اَنْ َ-يَّحِيْفَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَرَسُوْلُه ط بَلْ اُوْلٰٓئِكَ هُمُ الظّٰلِمُوْنَ اِنَّمَا كَانَ قَوْلَ الْمُؤْمِنِيْنَ اِذَا دُعُوْۤا اِلَى اللهِ وَرَسُوْلِه لِيَحْكُمَ بَيْنَهُمْ اَنْ يَّقُوْلُوْا سَمِعْنَا وَاَطَعْنَا وَاُوْلٰٓئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُوْنَ
“Is there sickness in their hearts? Or are they suspicious? Or do they fear that Allah may do them injustice? – Or His Messenger? In fact, they themselves are the unjust. The response of the believers, when they are called to Allah and His Messenger in order to judge between them, is to say, “We hear, and we obey.” These are the successful.” (24:50 – 51)
وَاَنْزَلْنَاۤ اِلَیْكَ الْكِتٰبَ بِالْحَقِّ مُصَدِّقًا لِّمَا بَیْنَ یَدَیْهِ مِنَ الْكِتٰبِ وَمُهَیْمِنًا عَلَیْهِ فَاحْکُمْ بَیْنَهُمْ بِمَاۤ اَنْزَلَ اللّٰهُ وَلَا تَتَّبِعْ اَهْوَآءَهُمْ عَمَّا جَآءَكَ مِنَ الْحَقِّ ؕ لِکُلٍّ جَعَلْنَا مِنْکُمْ شِرْعَۃً وَمِنْهَاجًا ؕ وَلَوْ شَآءَ اللّٰهُ لَجَعَلَکُمْ اُمَّۃً وَّاحِدَۃً وَلٰكِنْ لِّیَبْلُوَکُمْ فِیْ مَاۤ اٰتٰىکُمْ فَاسْتَبِقُوا الْخَیْرٰتِ ؕ اِلَی اللّٰهِ مَرْجِعُکُمْ جَمِیْعًا فَیُنَبِّئُکُمْ بِمَا کُنْتُمْ فِیْهِ تَخْتَلِفُوْنَ
“And We revealed to you the Book, with truth, confirming the Scripture that preceded it, and as witness over them. So, judge between them according to what Allah revealed, and do not follow their desires leaving aside the truth that has come to you. For each of you We gave a ‘Shariah’ (law) and a set path. Had Allah willed, He could have made you a single nation, but He tests you through what He has given you. So, vie in righteousness. To Allah is your return, all of you; then He will inform you of what you had disputed.” (5:48)
وَمَنْ لَّمْ يَحْكُمْ بِمَاۤ اَنْزَلَ اللهُ فَاُوْلٰٓئِكَ هُمُ الْفٰسِقُوْنَ
“…….Those who fail to judge by (the light of) what Allah has revealed, then they are surely sinners.” (5:47)
وَ اَنِ احْکُمْ بَیْنَهُمْ بِمَاۤ اَنْزَلَ اللّٰهُ وَلَا تَتَّبِعْ اَهْوَآءَهُمْ وَاحْذَرْهُمْ اَنْ یَّفْتِنُوْكَ عَنْۢ بَعْضِ مَاۤ اَنْزَلَ اللّٰهُ اِلَیْكَ ؕ فَاِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَاعْلَمْ اَنَّمَا یُرِیْدُ اللّٰهُ اَنْ یُّصِیْبَهُمْ بِبَعْضِ ذُنُوْبِهِمْ ؕ وَاِنَّ كَثِیْرًا مِّنَ النَّاسِ لَفٰسِقُوْنَ
“And (He commands you to) judge between them according to what Allah revealed, and do not follow their desires. And beware of them, lest they lure you away from some part of what Allah has revealed to you. But if they turn away, know that Allah intends to strike them with some of their sins. In fact, a great many people are corrupt.” (5:49)
اَفَحُکْمَ الْجَاهِلِیَّۃِ یَبْغُوْنَ ؕ وَمَنْ اَحْسَنُ مِنَ اللّٰهِ حُکْمًا لِّقَوْمٍ یُّوْقِنُوْنَ
“Do they desire the judgement of the time of ignorance? Who is better than Allah in Judgement for people who have conviction? (5:50)
لَا یَنْهٰىکُمُ اللّٰهُ عَنِ الَّذِیْنَ لَمْ یُقَاتِلُوْکُمْ فِی الدِّیْنِ وَلَمْ یُخْرِجُوْکُمْ مِّنْ دِیَارِکُمْ اَنْ تَبَرُّوْهُمْ وَتُقْسِطُوْۤا اِلَیْهِمْ ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ یُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِیْنَ
“Allah does not forbid you, with regard to those who did not fight you for (your) religion nor drive you out of your homes, from dealing kindly and justly with them: for Allah loves those who are just.” (60:8)
وَ اِنْ خِفْتُمْ اَلَّا تُقْسِطُوْا فِی الْیَتٰمٰی فَانْكِحُوْا مَا طَابَ لَکُمْ مِّنَ النِّسَآءِ مَثْنٰی وَثُلٰثَ وَرُبٰعَ ۚ فَاِنْ خِفْتُمْ اَلَّا تَعْدِلُوْا فَوَاحِدَۃً اَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ اَیْمَانُکُمْ ؕ ذٰلِكَ اَدْنٰۤی اَلَّا تَعُوْلُوْا
“If you fear that you cannot act fairly towards the orphans – then marry the women you like – two, or three, or four. But (still) if you fear that you will not be fair, then (marry) only one, or your maid slaves what you already possess. That makes it more unlikely that you will be biased.” (4:3)
وَ مِمَّنْ خَلَقْنَاۤ اُمَّۃٌ یَّہْدُوْنَ بِالْحَقِّ وَبِہٖ یَعْدِلُوْنَ
“And of those whom We have created, there is a community who guides (others) with the truth and establishes justice accordingly.” (7:181)
وَ لَمَنِ انْتَصَرَ بَعْدَ ظُلْمِہٖ فَاُولٰٓئِكَ مَا عَلَیْهِمْ مِّنْ سَبِیْلٍ اِنَّمَا السَّبِیْلُ عَلَی الَّذِیْنَ یَظْلِمُوْنَ النَّاسَ وَیَبْغُوْنَ فِی الْاَرْضِ بِغَیْرِ الْحَقِّ ؕ اُولٰٓئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ اَلِیْمٌ وَلَمَنْ صَبَرَ وَغَفَرَ اِنَّ ذٰلِكَ لَمِنْ عَزْمِ الْاُمُوْرِ
“Certainly, as for those who retaliate after being wronged, there is no blame on them. Blame lies on those who wrong people and commit aggression in the land without right. These will have a painful punishment. But whoever endures patiently and forgives – that is a sign of firm determination.” (42:41 – 43)
وَ مِمَّنْ خَلَقْنَاۤ اُمَّۃٌ یَّہْدُوْنَ بِالْحَقِّ وَبِہٖ یَعْدِلُوْنَ
“And of those whom We have created, there is a community who guides (others) with the truth and establishes justice accordingly.” (7:181)
فَلَا تَخْشَوُا النَّاسَ وَاخْشَوْنِ وَلَا تَشْتَرُوْا بِاٰیٰتِیْ ثَمَنًا قَلِیْلًا ؕ وَمَنْ لَّمْ یَحْکُمْ بِمَاۤ اَنْزَلَ اللّٰهُ فَاُولٰٓئِكَ هُمُ الْکٰفِرُوْنَ
“…….. So do not fear people, but fear Me. And do not sell My revelations for a cheap price. Those who do not judge according to what Allah revealed are the unbelievers.” (5:44)
Verses on Witness
شَهِدَ اللهُ انَّه لَاۤ اِلٰهَ اِلَّا هُوَ وَالْمَلٰٓئِكَةُ وَاُوْلُوْا الْعِلْمِ قَاۤئِمًۢا بِالْقِسْطِ لَاۤ اِلٰهَ اِلَّا هُوَ الْعَزِيْزُ الْحَكِيْمُ
“Allah bears witness that there is no god but Him, as do the angels and the people of knowledge, upholding justice. There is no god but Him, the Almighty, the All-Wise.” (3:18)
يٰۤاَيُّهَا النَّبِىُّ اِنَّاۤ اَرْسَلْنٰكَ شٰهِدًا وَّمُبَشِّرًا وَّنَذِيْرًا وَدَاعِيْا اِلَى اللهِ بِاِذْنِه وَسِرَاجًا مُّنِيْرًا
“O Prophet! We have sent you as a witness, and a bearer of good news, and a warner – And a caller towards Allah by His leave and an illuminating beacon.” (33:45 – 46)
وَ اِذْ اَخَذْنَا مِیْثَاقَکُمْ لَا تَسْفِکُوْنَ دِمَآءَکُمْ وَلَا تُخْرِجُوْنَ اَنْفُسَکُمْ مِّنْ دِیَارِکُمْ ثُمَّ اَقْرَرْتُمْ وَاَنْتُمْ تَشْهَدُوْنَ
“And when We made a covenant with you not to shed your blood and not to expel one another from your homes, you agreed and were all witnesses.” (2:84)
وَ كَذٰلِكَ جَعَلْنٰکُمْ اُمَّۃً وَّسَطًا لِّتَکُوْنُوْا شُهَدَآءَ عَلَی النَّاسِ وَیَکُوْنَ الرَّسُوْلُ عَلَیْکُمْ شَهِیْدًا ؕ…..
“Thus, We made you a moderate community, that you may be witnesses to humanity, and that the Messenger may be a witness to you…………” (2:143)
وَ مِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ یُّعْجِبُكَ قَوْلُہٗ فِی الْحَیٰوۃِ الدُّنْیَا وَیُشْهِدُ اللّٰهَ عَلٰی مَا فِیْ قَلْبِہٖ ۙ وَهُوَ اَلَدُّ الْخِصَامِ
“Among the people there is someone whose speech about the worldly life impresses you, and he calls Allah to witness what is in his heart, while he is the most hostile of adversaries.” (2:204)
فَاِذَا دَفَعْتُمْ اِلَیْهِمْ اَمْوَالَهُمْ فَاَشْهِدُوْا عَلَیْهِمْ ؕ وَكَفٰی بِاللّٰهِ حَسِیْبًا
“…… When you hand over their property to them (orphans) ensure that there are witnesses on their behalf. Allah suffices as a Reckoner.” (4:6)
یٰۤاَیُّهَا الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْۤا اِذَا تَدَایَنْتُمْ بِدَیْنٍ اِلٰۤی اَجَلٍ مُّسَمًّی فَاکْتُبُوْهُ ؕ وَلْیَکْتُبْ بَّیْنَکُمْ كَاتِبٌۢ بِالْعَدْلِ ۪ وَلَا یَاْبَ كَاتِبٌ اَنْ یَّکْتُبَ كَمَا عَلَّمَهُ اللّٰهُ فَلْیَکْتُبْ ۚ وَلْیُمْلِلِ الَّذِیْ عَلَیْهِ الْحَقُّ وَلْیَتَّقِ اللّٰهَ رَبَّہٗ وَلَا یَبْخَسْ مِنْهُ شَیْئًا ؕ فَاِنْ كَانَ الَّذِیْ عَلَیْهِ الْحَقُّ سَفِیْہًا اَوْ ضَعِیْفًا اَوْ لَا یَسْتَطِیْعُ اَنْ یُّمِلَّ هُوَ فَلْیُمْلِلْ وَلِیُّہٗ بِالْعَدْلِ ؕ وَاسْتَشْهِدُوْا شَهِیْدَیْنِ مِنْ رِّجَالِکُمْ ۚ فَاِنْ لَّمْ یَکُوْنَا رَجُلَیْنِ فَرَجُلٌ وَامْرَاَتٰنِ مِمَّنْ تَرْضَوْنَ مِنَ الشُّهَدَآءِ اَنْ تَضِلَّ اِحْدٰىهُمَا فَتُذَكِرَ اِحْدٰىهُمَا الْاُخْرٰی ؕ وَلَا یَاْبَ الشُّهَدَآءُ اِذَا مَا دُعُوْا ؕ وَلَا تَسْـَٔمُوْۤا اَنْ تَکْتُبُوْهُ صَغِیْرًا اَوْ كَبِیْرًا اِلٰۤی اَجَلِہٖ ؕ ذٰلِکُمْ اَقْسَطُ عِنْدَ اللّٰهِ وَاَقْوَمُ لِلشَّهَادَۃِ وَاَدْنٰۤی اَلَّا تَرْتَابُوْۤا اِلَّاۤ اَنْ تَکُوْنَ تِجَارَۃً حَاضِرَۃً تُدِیْرُوْنَهَا بَیْنَکُمْ فَلَیْسَ عَلَیْکُمْ جُنَاحٌ اَلَّا تَکْتُبُوْهَا ؕ وَاَشْهِدُوْۤا اِذَا تَبَایَعْتُمْ ۪ وَلَا یُضَآرَّ كَاتِبٌ وَلَا شَهِیْدٌ ۬ؕ وَ اِنْ تَفْعَلُوْا فَاِنَّہٗ فُسُوْقٌۢ بِکُمْ ؕ وَاتَّقُوا اللّٰهَ ؕ وَیُعَلِّمُکُمُ اللّٰهُ ؕ وَاللّٰهُ بِکُلِّ شَیْءٍ عَلِیْمٌ
“O believers! When you take on a debt for a specified period, write it down. A writer should write it down between you justly. No writer should refuse to write; as Allah has taught him, so he should write. The one incurring the debt should dictate and should be afraid of Allah, his Lord and not reduce it in any way. If the person incurring the debt is incompetent or weak or unable to dictate, then his guardian should dictate for him justly. Two men among you should act as witnesses. But if there are not two men, then a man and two women with whom you are satisfied as witnesses; then if one of them forgets, the other can remind her. Witnesses should not refuse when they are called upon. Do not think it too trivial to write down, whether small or large, with the date that it falls due. Doing that is more just in Allah’s sight and more helpful when bearing witness and more likely to eliminate any doubt–unless it is an immediate transaction hand to hand, taken and given without delay. There is nothing wrong in your not writing that down. Call witnesses when you trade. Neither writer nor witness should be put under pressure. If you do that, it is deviancy on your part. Be afraid of Allah and Allah will give you knowledge. Allah has knowledge of all things.” (2:282)
كَيْفَ يَهْدِى اللهُ قَوْمًا كَفَرُوْا بَعْدَ اِيْمٰنِهِمْ وَشَهِدُوْۤا اَنَّ الرَّسُوْلَ حَقٌّ وَجَآءَهُمُ الْبَيِّنٰتُ وَاللهُ لَا يَهْدِى الْقَوْمَ الظّٰلِمِيْنَ
“How can Allah guide a people who have disbelieved after having believed? They bore witness that the Messenger was true and that the Clear Signs had come to them. Allah does not guide people who are wrongdoers.” (3:86)
وَالّٰتِیْ یَاْتِیْنَ الْفَاحِشَۃَ مِنْ نِّسَآئِکُمْ فَاسْتَشْهِدُوْا عَلَیْهِنَّ اَرْبَعَۃً مِّنْکُمْ ۚ فَاِنْ شَهِدُوْا فَاَمْسِکُوْ هُنَّ فِی الْبُیُوْتِ حَتّٰی یَتَوَفّٰهُنَّ الْمَوْتُ اَوْ یَجْعَلَ اللّٰهُ لَهُنَّ سَبِیْلًا
“If any of your women commit fornication, four of you must be witnesses against them. If they bear witness, detain them in their homes until death releases them or Allah ordains another procedure for their case.” (4:15)
وَ لِکُلٍّ جَعَلْنَا مَوَالِیَ مِمَّا تَرَكَ الْوَالِدٰنِ وَالْاَقْرَبُوْنَ ؕ وَالَّذِیْنَ عَقَدَتْ اَیْمَانُکُمْ فَاٰتُوْهُمْ نَصِیْبَهُمْ ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ كَانَ عَلٰی کُلِّ شَیْءٍ شَهِیْدًا
“We have appointed heirs for everything that parents and relatives leave. If you have a bond with people, give them their share. Allah is a witness of all things.” (4:33)
یٰۤاَیُّهَا الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْا کُوْنُوْا قَوّٰمِیْنَ بِالْقِسْطِ شُهَدَآءَ لِلّٰهِ وَلَوْ عَلٰۤی اَنْفُسِکُمْ اَوِ الْوَالِدَیْنِ وَالْاَقْرَبِیْنَ ۚ اِنْ یَّکُنْ غَنِیًّا اَوْ فَقِیْرًا فَاللّٰهُ اَوْلٰی بِهِمَا ۟ فَلَا تَتَّبِعُوا الْهَوٰۤی اَنْ تَعْدِلُوْا ۚ وَاِنْ تَلْوٗۤا اَوْ تُعْرِضُوْا فَاِنَّ اللّٰهَ كَانَ بِمَا تَعْمَلُوْنَ خَبِیْرًا
“O Believers! Stand out firmly for justice, as witnesses to Allah, even though it is against yourselves, or your parents, or your kin – either rich or poor, Allah is a better Protector to both (than you). So, follow not your lusts, lest you may avoid justice, and if you distort your witnesses or bypass it, verily, Allah is ever well aware of what you do.” (4:135)
یٰۤاَیُّهَا الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْا کُوْنُوْا قَوّٰمِیْنَ لِلّٰهِ شُهَدَآءَ بِالْقِسْطِ ۫ وَلَا یَجْرِمَنَّکُمْ شَنَاٰنُ قَوْمٍ عَلٰۤی اَلَّا تَعْدِلُوْا ؕ اِعْدِلُوْا هُوَ اَقْرَبُ لِلتَّقْوٰی ۫ وَاتَّقُوا اللّٰهَ ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ خَبِیْرٌۢ بِمَا تَعْمَلُوْنَ
“O believers! Show integrity for the sake of Allah, bearing witness with justice. Do not let hatred for a people incite you into not being just. Be just. That is closer to heedfulness. Be afraid of Allah. Allah is aware of what you do.” (5:8)
یٰۤاَیُّهَا الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْا شَهَادَۃُ بَیْنِکُمْ اِذَا حَضَرَ اَحَدَکُمُ الْمَوْتُ حِیْنَ الْوَصِیَّۃِ اثْنٰنِ ذَوَا عَدْلٍ مِّنْکُمْ اَوْ اٰخَرٰنِ مِنْ غَیْرِکُمْ اِنْ اَنْتُمْ ضَرَبْتُمْ فِی الْاَرْضِ فَاَصَابَتْکُمْ مُّصِیْبَۃُ الْمَوْتِ ؕ تَحْبِسُوْنَهُمَا مِنْۢ بَعْدِ الصَّلٰوۃِ فَیُقْسِمٰنِ بِاللّٰهِ اِنِ ارْتَبْتُمْ لَا نَشْتَرِیْ بِہٖ ثَمَنًا وَّ لَوْ كَانَ ذَا قُرْبٰی ۙ وَ لَا نَکْتُمُ شَهَادَۃَ ۙ اللّٰهِ اِنَّاۤ اِذًا لَّمِنَ الْاٰثِمِیْنَ
“O believers! When one of you is near to death and makes a will, two just men from among you should act as witnesses; or, if you are travelling when the misfortune of death occurs, two men who are strangers to you. You should detain them after prayer and, if you are doubtful, they should swear by Allah: ‘We will not sell it for any price, even to a near relative, and we will not conceal the testimony of Allah. If we did, we would indeed be wrongdoers.” (5:106)
وَالَّذِیْنَ یَرْمُوْنَ الْمُحْصَنٰتِ ثُمَّ لَمْ یَاْتُوْا بِاَرْبَعَۃِ شُهَدَآءَ فَاجْلِدُوْهُمْ ثَمٰنِیْنَ جَلْدَۃً وَلَا تَقْبَلُوْا لَهُمْ شَهَادَۃً اَبَدًا ۚ وَاُولٰٓئِكَ هُمُ الْفٰسِقُوْنَ
“But those who make accusations against chaste women and then do not produce four witnesses: flog them with eighty lashes and never again accept them as witnesses. Such people are deviators.” (24:4)
وَالَّذِیْنَ یَرْمُوْنَ اَزْوَاجَهُمْ وَلَمْ یَکُنْ لَّهُمْ شُهَدَآءُ اِلَّاۤ اَنْفُسُهُمْ فَشَهَادَۃُ اَحَدِهِمْ اَرْبَعُ شَهٰدٰتٍۭ بِاللّٰهِ ۙ اِنَّہٗ لَمِنَ الصّٰدِقِیْنَ
“Those who make an accusation against their wives and have no witnesses except themselves, such people should testify four times by Allah that they are telling the truth.” (24:6)
لَّوْلَا جَآءُوْ عَلَيْهِ بِاَرْبَعَةِ شُهَدَآءَ فَاِذْ لَمْ يَاْتُوْا بِالشُّهَدَآءِ فَاُوْلٰٓئِكَ عِنْدَ اللهِ هُمُ الْكٰذِبُوْنَ
“Why did they not produce four witnesses to it? Since they did not bring four witnesses, in Allah’s sight, they are liars.” (24:13)
وَ الَّذِیْنَ لَا یَشْهَدُوْنَ الزُّوْرَ ۙ وَاِذَا مَرُّوْا بِاللَّغْوِ مَرُّوْا كِرَامًا
“(Believers are) those who do not bear false witness and who, when they pass by worthless talk, pass by with dignity; (25:72)
….وَّ اَشْهِدُوْا ذَوَیْ عَدْلٍ مِّنْکُمْ وَاَقِیْمُوا الشَّهَادَۃَ لِلّٰهِ ؕ….
“…… Call two upright men from among yourselves as witnesses and they should carry out the witnessing for Allah……” (65:2)
اَلْیَوْمَ نَخْتِمُ عَلٰۤی اَفْوَاهِهِمْ وَتُكَلِّمُنَاۤ اَیْدِیْهِمْ وَتَشْهَدُ اَرْجُلُهُمْ بِمَا كَانُوْا یَکْسِبُوْنَ
“Today (Day of Judgement) We seal up their mouths and their hands speak to us, and their feet bear witness to what they have earned.” (36:65)
وَاَشْرَقَتِ الْاَرْضُ بِنُوْرِ رَبِّهَا وَوُضِعَ الْكِتٰبُ وَجِایْٓءَ بِالنَّبِیّٖنَ وَالشُّهَدَآءِ وَقُضِیَ بَیْنَهُمْ بِالْحَقِّ وَهُمْ لَا یُظْلَمُوْنَ
“And the earth will shine with the Pure Light of its Lord; the Book will be put in place; the Prophets and witnesses will be brought; it will be decided between them with the truth; and they will not be wronged.” (39:69)
اِذَا جَآءَكَ الْمُنٰفِقُوْنَ قَالُوْا نَشْهَدُ اِنَّكَ لَرَسُوْلُ اللّٰهِ ۘ وَاللّٰهُ یَعْلَمُ اِنَّكَ لَرَسُوْلُہٗ ؕ وَاللّٰهُ یَشْهَدُ اِنَّ الْمُنٰفِقِیْنَ لَکٰذِبُوْنَ
“When the hypocrites come to you they say, ‘We bear witness that you are indeed the Messenger of Allah.’ Allah knows that you are indeed His Messenger and Allah bears witness that the hypocrites are certainly liars.” (63:1)
اِنَّ الْاِنْسٰنَ لِرَبِّه لَكَنُوْدٌ وَاِنَّه عَلٰى ذٰلِكَ لَشَهِيْدٌ
“Indeed, human being is ungrateful to his Lord. And he bears witness to that.” (100:6 – 7)
Enjoin Ma’ruf (Right) & Forbid Munkar (Wrong)
One of the basic principles of Islam is ‘to enjoin people towards a righteous path and forbid them from wrongdoings.’ This principle of Islam has made Muslims a distinctive Ummah as well the best of all nations ever raised up for mankind (3:110). Prophet (ﷺ) said: ‘He is not my people, who does not enjoin doing good deeds and forbid from wrongdoings.’ (Tirmidhi). In another Hadith he said: ‘Prevent the unjust by applying force. If unable to do so, protest, raising voice strongly, still incapable of doing so, and then at least hate by heart – though it is an action of weak Imaan (faith).’ The verses related to the above topic are cited below:
وَلْتَکُنْ مِّنْکُمْ اُمَّۃٌ یَّدْعُوْنَ اِلَی الْخَیْرِ وَیَاْمُرُوْنَ بِالْمَعْرُوْفِ وَیَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ ؕ وَاُولٰٓئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُوْنَ
“And there should be a group among you to call towards what is good, and command what is righteous, and forbid from evil. These are indeed the successful ones.” (3:104)
کُنْتُمْ خَیْرَ اُمَّۃٍ اُخْرِجَتْ لِلنَّاسِ تَاْمُرُوْنَ بِالْمَعْرُوْفِ وَتَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَتُؤْمِنُوْنَ بِاللّٰهِ ؕ
“You are the best of the nations’ ever raised up for mankind because you enjoin what is right and forbid the wrong and believe in Allah……….” (3:110)
خُذِ الْعَفْوَ وَاْمُرْ بِالْعُرْفِ وَاَعْرِضْ عَنِ الْجٰهِلِیْنَ
“Adopt forgiveness, and command what is right, and avoid the ignorant.” (7:199)
یُؤْمِنُوْنَ بِاللّٰهِ وَالْیَوْمِ الْاٰخِرِ وَیَاْمُرُوْنَ بِالْمَعْرُوْفِ وَیَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَیُسَارِعُوْنَ فِی الْخَیْرٰتِ ؕ وَاُولٰٓئِكَ مِنَ الصّٰلِحِیْنَ وَمَا یَفْعَلُوْا مِنْ خَیْرٍ فَلَنْ یُّکْفَرُوْهُ ؕ وَاللّٰهُ عَلِیْمٌ ۢ بِالْمُتَّقِیْنَ
“They believe in Allah and the Last Day, and command what is righteous and forbid evil, and are rushed to do good deeds. These are from the righteous ones. Whatever good they do, in no way they will be denied of it. Allah knows the righteous.” (3:114-115)
وَ لَا تُطِیْعُوْۤا اَمْرَ الْمُسْرِفِیْنَ الَّذِیْنَ یُفْسِدُوْنَ فِی الْاَرْضِ وَلَا یُصْلِحُوْنَ
“And do not obey the command of the transgressors – who spread turmoil on earth, and do not make reforms.” (26:151 – 152)
یٰبُنَیَّ اَقِمِ الصَّلٰوۃَ وَاْمُرْ بِالْمَعْرُوْفِ وَانْهَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَاصْبِرْ عَلٰی مَاۤ اَصَابَكَ ؕ اِنَّ ذٰلِكَ مِنْ عَزْمِ الْاُمُوْرِ
“O my beloved son, establish the prayer regularly, enjoin righteousness, forbid evil, and be patiently endure over what has befallen you. Verily this is something that requires the firmest determination. (31:17)
الْاٰمِرُوْنَ بِالْمَعْرُوْفِ وَالنَّاهُوْنَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَالْحٰفِظُوْنَ لِحُدُوْدِ اللّٰهِ ؕ وَبَشِّرِ الْمُؤْمِنِیْنَ
“……… Those who enjoin righteousness and forbid evil and preserve Allah’s limits, – and give the believers glad tidings (of Jannah).” (9:112)
اَلَّذِیْنَ اِنْ مَّكَنّٰهُمْ فِی الْاَرْضِ اَقَامُوا الصَّلٰوۃَ وَاٰتَوُا الزَّکٰوۃَ وَاَمَرُوْا بِالْمَعْرُوْفِ وَ نَهَوْا عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ ؕ وَلِلّٰهِ عَاقِبَۃُ الْاُمُوْرِ
“(Believers are) those who, if We empower them in the land, they establish regular prayer and pay Zakat (poor-due), enjoin the right and forbid wrong: with Allah rests the end (and decision) of (all) affairs.” (22:41)
ادْعُ اِلٰى سَبِيْلِ رَبِّكَ بِالْحِكْمَةِ وَالْمَوْعِظَةِ الْحَسَنَةِ وَجٰدِلْهُم بِالَّتِى هِىَ اَحْسَنُ ط اِنَّ رَبَّكَ هُوَ اعْلَمُ بِمَنْ ضَلَّ عَن سَبِيْلِه وَهُوَ اعْلَمُ بِالْمُهْتَدِيْنَ
“Invite to the way of your Lord with wisdom and good advice, and debate with them (disbelievers) in the most dignified manner. Your Lord is aware of those who stray from His path, and He is aware of those who are rightly guided.” (16:125)