Reassurance of Prophetic Mission’s Truth
Allah repeatedly reassured the Prophet (ﷺ) that his mission was divinely guided, and the rejection he faced was a test:
- “Indeed, We know that your heart is distressed by what they say.” (Surah Al–Hijr, 15:97)
- “So be patient over what they say and glorify the praises of your Lord before the rising of the sun and before its setting.” (Surah Qaf, 50:39)
These verses advised the Prophet (ﷺ) to remain steadfast and seek solace in worship and remembrance of Allah.
Despite the hostility, Allah (SWT) provided the Prophet (ﷺ) with reassurance and comfort through divine revelations, promising him that truth would ultimately prevail and his mission would lead to ultimate success.
In the Qur’an, Allah (SWT) reminded the Prophet (ﷺ) to remain steadfast and assured him of His support:
- “Indeed, We will suffice you against the mockers.” (Surah Al–Hijr, 15:95)
- “And the disbelievers plan, but Allah plans. And Allah is the best of planners.” (Surah Anfal 8:30)
[Also see Surah Anbiya: 21:41, Surah AR–Ra’d: 13:32, Surah Al—Mujadila: 58:20, Surah Al–A’raf: 7:128]
These verses instilled confidence in the Prophet (ﷺ), affirming that the struggle for truth would end in victory.
Through these promises, Allah (SWT) strengthened the Prophet’s resolve and encouraged him to continue spreading the message of Islam with patience and perseverance. This divine support enabled the Prophet (ﷺ) to overcome the trials and emerge victorious, establishing the truth of Islam as a guiding light for humanity.
Reliance on Allah’s Knowledge of the Unseen
The Prophet (ﷺ) was also reminded that Allah (SWT) sees all actions and knows the truth of every heart:
“And rely upon the Exalted in Might, the Merciful, who sees you when you stand [to pray] and your movement among those who prostrate.” (Surah Ash—Shu’ara, 26:217–219)
This advice helped the Prophet (ﷺ) find peace, knowing that Allah (SWT) was aware of his struggles and the injustices he faced.
Encouragement to Seek Refuge in Allah (SWT)
The unbelievers of Makkah relentlessly opposed the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ), subjecting him to mockery, rude words, and severe physical and mental torture. They sought to undermine his mission and suppress the growing message of Islam at every turn. In that situation the Prophet (ﷺ) was encouraged to seek refuge in Allah’s protection against the harmful actions of the disbelievers:
“And say, ‘My Lord, I seek refuge in You from the incitements of the devils. And I seek refuge in You, my Lord, lest they be present with me’.” (Surah Al–Mu’minun, 23:97–98)
This guidance reinforced the importance of reliance on Allah (SWT) for protection and strength.
Allah’s Reminder to the Prophet (ﷺ)
Allah (SWT) reminded the Prophet (ﷺ) that his responsibility was to convey the message, not to force belief:
“So remind, [O Muhammad]; you are only a reminder. You are not over them a supervisor.” (Surah Al–Ghashiyah: 88:21–22)
[Also see Surah Ar–Ra’d, 13:40, Surah Yusuf, 12:108]
These verses alleviated the burden the Prophet (ﷺ) felt for the disbelief of his people, emphasizing that guidance is ultimately in Allah’s hands.
Allah’s Advice to Keep Patience like Previous Prophets
Allah (SWT) advised the Prophet (ﷺ) to keep patience like that of other prophets had faced similar opposition:
- “And already were messengers ridiculed before you, but those who mocked them were encircled by what they used to ridicule.” (Surah Al–An’am, 6:10)
- “So be patient, [O Muhammad], as were those of determination among the messengers.” (Surah Al–Ahqaf, 46:35)
- “Repel evil in the best way. I am well aware of what they say (about you).” (Surah Al–Mu’minun, 23:96)
[Also see Surah Yusuf: 12:110]
These verses highlighted that enduring opposition and ridicule was a shared experience among Allah’s messengers, strengthening the Prophet’s resolve.
The Conversion of Prominent Quraysh Persons to Islam
The conversion of two prominent persons of Makkah emboldened Islam in its early stage when Prophet (ﷺ) and his followers, the newly converted Muslims were being persecuted with all types of oppression and repression. Amongst them the first one was Hazrat Hamza (RA) and the second one was Hazrat Umar (RA).
1. Hazrat Hamza’s (RA) Conversion to Islam
Hazrat Hamza ibn Abd al–Muttalib (RA), the paternal uncle of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ), played a pivotal role in the early days of Islam. His journey to Islam began with a powerful incident that reflected his strong sense of justice and unwavering loyalty to his nephew.
The Incident Leading to His Conversion
One day, the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) was sitting alone on the Safa mountain, deeply engaged in worship. Abu Jahl, one of the fiercest opponents of Islam, noticed him and began to harass him with verbal insults. Despite this, the Prophet (ﷺ) remained calm and patient, absorbed in his devotion. Enraged by the Prophet’s (ﷺ) composure, Abu Jahl escalated his attack, throwing a stone at him that caused a wound on his head, making blood flow. Even in this painful state, the Prophet (ﷺ) chose not to retaliate and silently returned home.
A slave girl had witnessed this unjust act from a distance and later narrated the entire incident to Hazrat Hamza (RA) when he returned from one of his hunting trips.
Hazrat Hamza (RA)’s Reaction
Upon hearing about the cruel treatment of his beloved nephew, Hazrat Hamza (RA) was filled with righteous anger. Without hesitation, he rushed to the Ka’ba, where Abu Jahl and his companions were gathered, mocking the Prophet (ﷺ). Hazrat Hamza (RA) struck Abu Jahl with his hunting bow and publicly confronted him, declaring his allegiance to Muhammad (ﷺ) and his new faith.
Abu Jahl, realizing the potential consequences of Hazrat Hamza’s conversion, admitted his wrongdoing to deescalate the situation, hoping to dissuade Hamza (RA) from embracing Islam. However, the seeds of truth had already taken root in his heart. Shortly afterward, Hazrat Hamza (RA) visited the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) and officially embraced Islam.
Impact of his Conversion
The conversion of Hazrat Hamza (RA) was a significant turning point in Islamic history. It greatly strengthened the morale of the early Muslim community, who were facing relentless persecution. The Quraysh, on the other hand, were disheartened, as Hazrat Hamza (RA) was a respected leader known for his bravery and influence. His acceptance of Islam gave the Muslims newfound confidence to practice their faith openly.
His Role in the Early Battles of Islam
Hazrat Hamza (RA) demonstrated exceptional bravery and loyalty in the service of Islam. His contributions in the Battle of Badr and Battle of Uhud remain engraved in the annals of Islamic history. In the Battle of Badr, he fought valiantly, leading the Muslims to a decisive victory against the Quraysh.
In the Battle of Uhud, Hazrat Hamza (RA) embraced martyrdom, fighting courageously against the enemies of Islam. His death was a great loss to the Muslim community. His body was mutilated by Hind bint Utbah in an act of vengeance, which deeply grieved the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ).
The Honor of Being the “Leader of the Martyrs”
Hazrat Hamza (RA) holds a distinguished status in Islam. The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) once said: “The leader of the martyrs is Hamza ibn Abd al–Muttalib.”
(Al–Mu’jam al–Kabir lill–Tabarani 2958)
This honor reflects his unwavering faith, his sacrifices for Islam, and his enduring legacy as a symbol of strength and courage.
Hazrat Hamza’s (RA) conversion and sacrifices continue to inspire Muslims worldwide, exemplifying loyalty, bravery, and the willingness to stand for truth and justice.
2. Hazrat Umar (RA)’s Conversion to Islam
The conversion of Hazrat Umar ibn Khattab (RA) to Islam was a landmark event in Islamic history, taking place in the sixth year of the Prophet Muhammad’s (ﷺ) prophethood. Known for his courage, fiery temper, and resolute nature, Umar (RA) transformed from one of Islam’s fiercest opponents into one of its most devoted supporters.
His Opposition to Islam
Hazrat Umar (RA) was initially a staunch enemy of Islam. Like many Quraysh leaders, he viewed Islam as a threat to the traditions and unity of Makkah society. At a gathering of Quraysh leaders, Abu Jahl proposed that Muhammad (ﷺ) be killed to halt the spread of Islam, offering a reward of one thousand gold coins and one hundred camels to the assassin.
Umar (RA), motivated by his loyalty to the Quraysh and his frustration at the perceived disruption caused by Islam, volunteered for the task. With his sword drawn, he vowed to kill Muhammad (ﷺ) and set out in search of him.
The Encounter with Hazrat Naeem ibn Abdullah (RA)
On his way, Umar (RA) encountered Hazrat Naeem ibn Abdullah (RA), a Muslim who had kept his faith secret. Seeing Umar’s fierce demeanor, Naeem (RA) inquired about his mission. When Umar (RA) revealed his intent to kill Muhammad (ﷺ), Naeem (RA) cleverly diverted his attention by saying:
“Before targeting Muhammad (ﷺ), shouldn’t you look into your own family? Your sister Fatima and her husband Saeed have already embraced Islam.”
Furious, Umar (RA) decided to confront his sister and brother–in–law instead.
The Confrontation at his Sister’s House
When Umar (RA) arrived at his sister Fatima bint Khattab’s house, he heard the recitation of the Qur’an. Upon entering, he demanded to know what they were reciting. His sister and her husband tried to hide the written verses, but Umar (RA) insisted.
In his anger, Umar (RA) struck Saeed (RA), and when his sister intervened, he injured her as well. Despite their pain, both of them declared their unwavering faith in Islam, saying:
“Yes, we have accepted Islam, and we will not abandon it, even if it costs us our lives.”
Seeing their resolve and the blood on his sister’s face, Umar (RA) was moved. His anger gave way to curiosity and introspection. He asked to see the pages of the Qur’an they had been reciting.
The Impact of Surah Taha
Fatima (RA) handed him the verses, but not before insisting he cleanse himself through ablution. Umar (RA) performed ablution and then read the verses of Surah Taha:
“Indeed, I am Allah. There is no deity except Me, so worship Me and establish prayer for My remembrance.” (Surah Taha, 20:14)
These words struck a chord deep within Umar’s heart, softening it and filling it with the light of guidance. Overcome with emotion, Umar (RA) exclaimed: “Take me to Muhammad (ﷺ)!”
Embracing Islam
Hazrat Khabbab (RA), who had been hiding nearby, emerged and gave Umar (RA) the glad tidings that the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) had prayed the previous night for Umar’s conversion. He prayed:
“O Allah, strengthen Islam through Umar or Abu Jahl—whichever of the two You love more.”
With Khabbab’s (RA) guidance, Umar (RA) went to Dar al-Arqam, where the Prophet (ﷺ) and his companions were gathered. As Umar (RA) approached, the companions were hesitant, knowing his reputation. But the Prophet (ﷺ) welcomed him warmly. Umar (RA) declared the Shahada:
“There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is His Messenger.”
This marked a turning point, as one of Islam’s fiercest enemies had now become one of its staunchest supporters.
The Impact of Umar’s (RA) Conversion
The conversion of Hazrat Umar (RA) was a source of immense strength for the Muslim community, which had been under severe persecution. Umar (RA), known for his courage and assertiveness, publicly announced his Islam and even led prayers at the Ka’ba, challenging the Quraysh directly. The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) famously said:
“Islam is strengthened with Umar.” (Sunan Ibn Majah: 111)
Hazrat Umar’s (RA) conversion demonstrates the transformative power of faith and guidance. From an opponent of Islam to one of its greatest champions, Umar’s journey is a testament to the profound influence of the Qur’an and the example set by the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ).
Legacy of Hazrat Umar ibn al–Khattab (RA)
Hazrat Umar (RA), the second Caliph of Islam, is remembered as one of the most influential leaders in Islamic history. A staunch supporter of Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ), he offered both physical and financial support to Islam. The Prophet (ﷺ) once said:
“If there were to be a prophet after me, it would have been Umar ibn al–Khattab.” (Sunan al–Tirmidhi, 3686)
During his caliphate, Umar (RA) expanded the Islamic Empire and introduced reforms grounded in justice and equality.
Hazrat Umar’s (RA) Historic Entry into Jerusalem
When Jerusalem was peacefully surrendered to the Muslims, the Christian Patriarch Sophronius insisted that only Umar (RA) receive the city’s keys. Umar (RA) entered the city in 637 CE with humility—dressed simply and sharing a camel with his companion during the journey.
He refused to ride the camel when it was his companion’s turn, stating that justice was more important than image. This act of humility deeply impressed both Muslims and Christians.
His Respect for Religious Sites and Coexistence
Unlike conquerors who destroyed religious heritage, Umar (RA) ensured full protection of Christian churches and Jewish sacred spaces. He cleaned the neglected Temple Mount and designated it as a place of Muslim worship—eventually becoming the site of Al–Aqsa Mosque.
He also refused to pray inside the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, fearing future misuse by Muslims as a reason to convert it into a mosque. Instead, he prayed outside, where the Mosque of Umar now stands.
The Covenant of Safety
Hazrat Umar (RA) granted a historic guarantee of safety to the people of Jerusalem:
“This is the protection granted by the servant of God, the leader of the faithful, Umar ibn al-Khattab, to the people of Ilia (Jerusalem)… Their lives, property, churches, and crosses shall be protected… No one shall be compelled in religion nor shall they be harmed.”
The Covenant of Coexistence, Freedom of worship, and protection of non–Muslim communities (dhimmis)
The document speaks for itself the principles of peaceful co–existence of all religious communities. The Muslim armies were fighting for the freedom of worship, not for religious conversion. They considered it their mission on earth to free humankind from the yoke of exploitation and abuse. The conquered people were regarded as dhimmis (meaning trust or responsibility). They were considered a trust not to be violated as has happened time and again in history.
In summary, Hazrat Umar (RA)’s leadership in Jerusalem exemplifies Islamic values of justice, humility, religious tolerance, and respect for all faiths—a legacy that continues to inspire generations.
Hazrat Umar’s (RA) Contributions to Islam
Hazrat Umar’s (RA) visionary thoughts on various issues of Islam were reflected in many revelations. He made tremendous contributions to Islam:
Expansion of Muslim Empire
During his caliphate, the entire Arabia, Jerusalem, Syria, Iraq, Persia, Egypt, and half of the world of that time came under the banner of Islam. He fulfilled the dream of the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) by establishing an Islamic Spiritual Empire in the world.
Preservation of the Qur’an
Although the formal compilation of the Qur’an into a single manuscript took place during Abu Bakr’s (may Allah be pleased with him) caliphate, it was Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) who suggested the idea after many huffaz (memorizers) died in the Battle of Yamama. This foresight helped preserve the Qur’an for future generations.
Established of Systems of Islamic Governance
As Caliph, Umar (RA) established sophisticated systems of administration, taxation, and public welfare. He divided the expanding Islamic state into provinces, appointed governors, and instituted regular accountability measures. His governance model became a template for future Islamic states.
Establishment of Islamic Calendar Year
Umar (RA) established the Islamic Hijri calendar, which begins with commemorating the Prophet Muhammad’s (ﷺ) migration (Hijrat) to Madinah. This calendar is still continuing all over the Muslim world for religious purposes.