Islamic Shariah Laws

Sharia or Islamic law is a set of principles and guidelines derived from the Islamic faith and teachings, which govern the beliefs and actions of Muslims. Shariah encompasses a wide range of areas including personal behavior, family law, criminal law, business transactions, inheritance, and more. Shariah is based on the Quran, the Holy Book of Allah (SWT) as well as the Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ). Shariah also takes into consideration the interpretations and consensus of Islamic scholars throughout history, known as the ijma and qiyas, as well as other sources of Islamic jurisprudence.

Shariah aims to provide guidance for Muslims on how to live a righteous and just life in accordance with the principles of Islam, and it is seen by many Muslims as a comprehensive and holistic system that covers all aspects of life. However, it is important to note that interpretations of Shariah may vary among different Islamic legal traditions and cultural contexts, and there may be differences of opinion among Islamic scholars on specific issues.

As a complete code of life Islam regulates all activities of human life from birth to death, it has made some norms and practices essential because they are considered indispensable to serve the purpose of Allah (SWT) as well as humans’ welfare. Islam’s Shariah laws serve both functions. It strictly follows the Qur’an, and the Hadith (sayings) and Sunnah (practices) of Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ), through which Muslim society is organized and governed. There are other sources of Shariah laws, like opinions of Ulema (Islamic Scholars) derived through Ijma (consensus), Qiyas (analogy) and Ijtihad (reaching a decision through analogy) by interpreting the Qur’an, Hadith and Sunnah.

Islamic shariah laws are related to issues like the obligation to obey Allah and His Prophet, rituals, the legal system and criminal laws, oath, evidence and witness, dietary laws, moral conduct, ethics and culture, inheritance, familial relationships, marriage and sexuality, Jihad, war and conflict, financial rules, transactions and contracts, human rights and obligations, and so on.

Everyone is required to have a belief not only in Muhammad’s (ﷺ) Prophethood but also in his Shariah.  Abu Hurairah () narrated a Hadith wherein the Prophet (ﷺ) said: “By Him (Allah) in Whose Hand Muhammad’s soul is, there is none among the Jews and Christians who hears about me and then dies without believing in the Message with which I have been sent (i.e., the Qur’an and Islamic Monotheism), he will be from the dwellers of the Hell Fire.”

 

 

Halal & Haram:

Allah (SWT) is Pure, and He does not accept anything that is impure. He has commanded the believers to follow His prophets. He says: “We never sent a messenger before you without commanding him that: ‘There is no god but I, so worship Me’.” (21:25). He further says: “O you Apostles! Eat (all) things good and pure, and work righteousness: for I am well-aware with (all) that you do.” (23:51). So, Allah (SWT) has made Halal (Permissible) and Haram (Forbidden) as norms and practices of Islam that encompass all aspects of Muslims’ life.

Allah (SWT) has set ‘Hoodud’ – the borders, boundaries, limits of all day-to-day norms, practices and activities of life which are guided by the rules of Halal and Haram. In a Hadith narrated by Hazrat Zaber () wherein Prophet (ﷺ) said that: “Allah (SWT) has made some deeds mandatory – do not transgress them, He made limits of somethings – do not encroach them, He remained silent regarding some matters – do not ask anything about them.” (Meshkat Shareef)

Halal and Haram activities with regard to livelihood earnings, foods and drinks, physical relationships, conduct and behaviors, clothings, dealings with humanity, etc.are clearly demarcated in the Qur’an and Hadth. The related verses of the Qur’an on the above-mentioned topics are quoted below:

 

 

About Foods & Drinks

یٰۤاَیُّهَا الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْا لَا تُحَرِّمُوْا طَیِّبٰتِ مَاۤ اَحَلَّ اللّٰهُ لَکُمْ وَلَا تَعْتَدُوْا ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ لَا یُحِبُّ الْمُعْتَدِیْنَ ۝ وَکُلُوْا مِمَّا رَزَقَکُمُ اللّٰهُ حَلٰلًا طَیِّبًا ۪ وَاتَّقُوا اللّٰهَ الَّذِیْۤ اَنْتُمْ بِہٖ مُؤْمِنُوْنَ ۝

“O Believers!  Do not prohibit the good things Allah has permitted for you, and do not commit transgression. Allah does not love the transgressors. And eat of the lawful and pure things Allah has provided for you; and be conscious of Allah, in Whom you are believers.” (5:87 – 88)

یٰۤاَیُّهَا الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْا کُلُوْا مِنْ طَیِّبٰتِ مَا رَزَقْنٰکُمْ وَاشْکُرُوْا لِلّٰهِ اِنْ کُنْتُمْ اِیَّاهُ تَعْبُدُوْنَ۝ اِنَّمَا حَرَّمَ عَلَیْکُمُ الْمَیْتَۃَ وَالدَّمَ وَلَحْمَ الْخِنْزِیْرِ وَمَاۤ اُهِلَّ بِہٖ لِغَیْرِ اللّٰهِ ۚ فَمَنِ اضْطُرَّ غَیْرَ بَاغٍ وَلَا عَادٍ فَلَاۤ اِثْمَ عَلَیْهِ ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ غَفُوْرٌ رَّحِیْمٌ ۝

“O Believers!  Eat of the good things We have provided for you, and give thanks to Allah, if it is Him that you worship. He has forbidden you carrion, and blood, and the pork, and what was sacrificed in the name other than Allah. But if anyone is compelled, without craving or transgressing, he commits no sin. Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.” (2:172 – 173)

یٰۤاَیُّهَا النَّاسُ کُلُوْا مِمَّا فِی الْاَرْضِ حَلٰلًا طَیِّبًا  ۫ۖ    وَّلَا تَتَّبِعُوْا خُطُوٰتِ الشَّیْطٰنِ ؕ اِنَّہٗ لَکُمْ عَدُوٌّ مُّبِیْنٌ۝

“O mankind! Eat of what is lawful and good on earth, and do not follow the footsteps of Satan. He is an evident enemy to you.” (2:168)

فَکُلُوْا مِمَّا ذُكِرَ اسْمُ اللّٰهِ عَلَیْهِ اِنْ کُنْتُمْ بِاٰیٰتِہٖ مُؤْمِنِیْنَ ۝ وَمَا لَکُمْ اَلَّا تَاْکُلُوْا مِمَّا ذُكِرَ اسْمُ اللّٰهِ عَلَیْهِ وَقَدْ فَصَّلَ لَکُمْ مَّا حَرَّمَ عَلَیْکُمْ اِلَّا مَا اضْطُرِرْتُمْ اِلَیْهِ ؕ وَاِنَّ كَثِیْرًا لَّیُضِلُّوْنَ بِاَهْوَآئِهِمْ بِغَیْرِ عِلْمٍ ؕ اِنَّ رَبَّكَ هُوَ اَعْلَمُ بِالْمُعْتَدِیْنَ ۝ .ذَرُوْا ظَاهِرَ الْاِثْمِ وَبَاطِنَہٗ ؕ اِنَّ الَّذِیْنَ یَکْسِبُوْنَ الْاِثْمَ سَیُجْزَوْنَ بِمَا كَانُوْا یَقْتَرِفُوْنَ ۝ وَلَا تَاْکُلُوْا مِمَّا لَمْ یُذْكَرِ اسْمُ اللّٰهِ عَلَیْهِ وَاِنَّہٗ لَفِسْقٌ

“So, eat (meat of those Halal animals slaughtered) on which the Name of Allah was pronounced, if you indeed believe in His revelations. And why should you not eat of that over which the Name of Allah is pronounced, when He has detailed for you what is prohibited for you, unless you are compelled by necessity? Certainly, there are many who, because of their desires, lead others astray, without knowledge. Your Lord knows best the transgressors. So abandon sins, open and secret. Those who commit sins will be repaid for what they used to perpetrate. And do not eat from that on which the Name of Allah was not pronounced, for it is a sin indeed…….” (6:118 – 121)

قُلْ اَرَءَیْتُمْ مَّاۤ اَنْزَلَ اللّٰهُ لَکُمْ مِّنْ رِّزْقٍ فَجَعَلْتُمْ مِّنْهُ حَرَامًا وَحَلٰلًا ؕ قُلْ آٰللّٰهُ اَذِنَ لَکُمْ اَمْ عَلَی اللّٰهِ تَفْتَرُوْنَ ۝

“Say, ‘Have you observed the sustenance Allah has sent down for you, some of which you made unlawful, and some lawful?’ Say, ‘Did Allah give you permission, or do you fabricate lies and attribute them to Allah’?” (10:59)

وَّ حَرَّمُوْا مَا رَزَقَهُمُ اللّٰهُ افْتِرَآءً عَلَی اللّٰهِ ؕ قَدْ ضَلُّوْا وَ مَا كَانُوْا مُہْتَدِیْنَ ۝

“…… and who forbid (made Haram) what Allah has provided for them by inventing lies about Allah. They have gone astray and are not rightly guided.” (6:140)

فَکُلُوْا مِمَّا رَزَقَکُمُ اللّٰهُ حَلٰلًا طَیِّبًا ۪ وَاشْکُرُوْا نِعْمَتَ اللّٰهِ اِنْ کُنْتُمْ اِیَّاهُ تَعْبُدُوْنَ ۝ اِنَّمَا حَرَّمَ عَلَیْکُمُ الْمَیْتَۃَ وَالدَّمَ وَ لَحْمَ الْخِنْزِیْرِ وَ مَاۤ  اُهِلَّ لِغَیْرِ اللّٰهِ بِہٖ ۚ فَمَنِ اضْطُرَّ غَیْرَ بَاغٍ وَلَا عَادٍ فَاِنَّ اللّٰهَ غَفُوْرٌ رَّحِیْمٌ ۝ وَلَا تَقُوْلُوْا لِمَا تَصِفُ اَلْسِنَتُکُمُ الْكَذِبَ هٰذَا حَلٰلٌ وَهٰذَا حَرَامٌ لِّتَفْتَرُوْا عَلَی اللّٰهِ الْكَذِبَ ؕ اِنَّ الَّذِیْنَ یَفْتَرُوْنَ عَلَی اللّٰهِ الْكَذِبَ لَا یُفْلِحُوْنَ ۝

“Eat of the lawful and pure things Allah has provided for you, and be thankful for Allah’s blessings, if it is Him that you worship. He has forbidden you carrion, and blood, and the pork, and anything sacrificed in the name other than Allah Hooded. But if anyone is compelled (to eat) by necessity, without being deliberate or not crossing the limits, then Allah is Forgiving and Merciful. And do not say of falsehood asserted by your tongues – ‘This is lawful, and this is unlawful’, in order to invent lies and attribute them to Allah. Those who invent lies and attribute them to Allah will not succeed.” (16:114 – 116)

حُرِّمَتْ عَلَیْکُمُ الْمَیْتَۃُ وَالدَّمُ وَلَحْمُ الْخِنْزِیْرِ وَمَاۤ اُهِلَّ لِغَیْرِ اللّٰهِ بِہٖ وَالْمُنْخَنِقَۃُ وَالْمَوْقُوْذَۃُ وَالْمُتَرَدِّیَۃُ وَالنَّطِیْحَۃُ وَمَاۤ اَكَلَ السَّبُعُ اِلَّا مَا ذَكَیْتُمْ ۟ وَمَا ذُبِحَ عَلَی النُّصُبِ وَاَنْ تَسْتَقْسِمُوْا بِالْاَزْلَامِ ؕ ذٰلِکُمْ فِسْقٌ

“Prohibited for you are carrion, blood, the pork, and animals sacrificed in the name other than Allah; also, the flesh of animals strangled, killed by hurt, killed by a fall, speared to death by horns, mangled by wild animals – except what you slaughter. And (prohibited those) animals sacrificed at the altars (of gods other than Allah); and the practice of drawing lots (by arrows). For all these are acts of sins……” (5:3)

قُلْ لَّاۤ اَجِدُ فِیْ مَاۤ  اُوْحِیَ اِلَیَّ مُحَرَّمًا عَلٰی طَاعِمٍ یَّطْعَمُہٗۤ اِلَّاۤ اَنْ یَّکُوْنَ مَیْتَۃً اَوْ دَمًا مَّسْفُوْحًا اَوْ لَحْمَ خِنْزِیْرٍ فَاِنَّہٗ رِجْسٌ اَوْ فِسْقًا اُهِلَّ لِغَیْرِ اللّٰهِ بِہٖ ۚ فَمَنِ اضْطُرَّ غَیْرَ بَاغٍ وَلَا عَادٍ فَاِنَّ رَبَّكَ غَفُوْرٌ رَّحِیْمٌ ۝

“(O Prophet) Say, ‘In what was revealed to me, I find nothing forbidden to an eater who eats it, except carrion, or spilled blood, or the pork – because it is impure – or a sinful offering sacrificed in the name other than Allah. But if someone is compelled by necessity (to eat), neither deliberately nor transgressing the limits – then your Lord is Forgiving and Merciful.” (6:145)

یٰۤاَیُّهَا الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْۤا اَوْفُوْا بِالْعُقُوْدِ ۬ؕ اُحِلَّتْ لَکُمْ بَهِیْمَۃُ الْاَنْعَامِ اِلَّا مَا یُتْلٰی عَلَیْکُمْ غَیْرَ مُحِلِّی الصَّیْدِ وَاَنْتُمْ حُرُمٌ ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ یَحْکُمُ مَا یُرِیْدُ ۝ یٰۤاَیُّهَا الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْا لَا تُحِلُّوْا شَعَآئِرَ اللّٰهِ وَلَا الشَّہْرَ الْحَرَامَ وَلَا الْهَدْیَ وَلَا الْقَلَآئِدَ وَلَاۤ آٰمِّیْنَ الْبَیْتَ الْحَرَامَ یَبْتَغُوْنَ فَضْلًا مِّنْ رَّبِّهِمْ وَرِضْوَانًا ؕ وَاِذَا حَلَلْتُمْ فَاصْطَادُوْا….

“O Believers!  Fulfill your commitments. Livestock animals are permitted for you, except those specified to you; but not wild game while you are in the condition of ‘Ihram’ (pilgrim sanctity). Allah decrees whatever He wills. O you who believe! Do not violate Allah’s sacraments, nor the Sacred Month, nor the offerings, nor the garlanded (sacrificial animals), nor those heading for the Sacred House seeking blessings and pleasure from their Lord. When you have left the pilgrim sanctity, you may hunt……” (5:1 – 2)

وَ الْبُدْنَ جَعَلْنٰهَا لَکُمْ مِّنْ شَعَآئِرِ اللّٰهِ لَکُمْ فِیْهَا خَیْرٌ ٭ۖ فَاذْکُرُوا اسْمَ اللّٰهِ عَلَیْهَا صَوَآفَّ ۚ فَاِذَا وَجَبَتْ جُنُوْبُهَا فَکُلُوْا مِنْهَا وَاَطْعِمُوا الْقَانِعَ وَالْمُعْتَرَّ ؕ كَذٰلِكَ سَخَّرْنٰهَا لَکُمْ لَعَلَّکُمْ تَشْکُرُوْنَ ۝

“We have made the animal offerings emblems of Allah for you. In them is goodness for you. So, pronounce Allah’s name upon them as they line up (for slaughtering). Then, when they have fallen on their sides, eat of them and feed the contented (who keep themselves away from begging) and the beggars. Thus, We have subjected them (sacrificial animals) to you, that you may be thankful.” (22:36)

فَمَنِ اضْطُرَّ فِیْ مَخْمَصَۃٍ غَیْرَ  مُتَجَانِفٍ لِّاِثْمٍ ۙ فَاِنَّ اللّٰهَ غَفُوْرٌ رَّحِیْمٌ ۝ یَسْـَٔلُوْنَكَ مَاذَاۤ اُحِلَّ لَهُمْ ؕ قُلْ اُحِلَّ لَکُمُ الطَّیِّبٰتُ ۙ وَمَا عَلَّمْتُمْ مِّنَ الْجَوَارِحِ مُكَلِّبِیْنَ تُعَلِّمُوْنَهُنَّ مِمَّا عَلَّمَکُمُ اللّٰهُ ۫ فَکُلُوْا مِمَّاۤ اَمْسَکْنَ عَلَیْکُمْ وَاذْکُرُوا اسْمَ اللّٰهِ عَلَیْهِ ۪ وَاتَّقُوا اللّٰهَ ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ سَرِیْعُ الْحِسَابِ۝

“………But whoever is compelled by hunger, with no intent of wrongdoing – Allah is Forgiving and Merciful. They ask you what is permitted for them. Say, ‘Permitted for you are all pure things, including what trained dogs and falcons catch for you. You train them according to what Allah has taught you. So, eat from what they catch for you, and pronounce Allah’s name over it. And fear Allah. Allah is Swift in reckoning.’ (5:3 – 4)

اُحِلَّ لَکُمُ الطَّیِّبٰتُ ؕ وَطَعَامُ الَّذِیْنَ اُوْتُوا الْكِتٰبَ حِلٌّ لَّکُمْ ۪ وَطَعَامُکُمْ حِلٌّ لَّهُمْ ۫ وَالْمُحْصَنٰتُ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنٰتِ وَالْمُحْصَنٰتُ مِنَ الَّذِیْنَ اُوْتُوا الْكِتٰبَ مِنْ قَبْلِکُمْ اِذَاۤ اٰتَیْتُمُوْهُنَّ اُجُوْرَهُنَّ مُحْصِنِیْنَ غَیْرَ مُسٰفِحِیْنَ وَلَا مُتَّخِذِیْۤ اَخْدَانٍ ؕ وَمَنْ یَّکْفُرْ بِالْاِیْمَانِ فَقَدْ حَبِطَ عَمَلُہٗ ۫ وَهُوَ فِی الْاٰخِرَۃِ مِنَ الْخٰسِرِیْنَ۝

Today all pure things are made lawful for you. And the food of those given the Scripture is lawful for you, and your food is lawful for them. So are (lawful to you) chaste believing women, and chaste women from the people who were given the Scripture before you, provided you give them their dowries, and take them in marriage, not in adultery, nor as mistresses. But whoever rejects faith, his work will be in vain, and in the Hereafter, he will be among the losers. (5:5)

اُحِلَّ لَکُمْ صَیْدُ الْبَحْرِ وَطَعَامُہٗ مَتَاعًا لَّکُمْ وَلِلسَّیَّارَۃِ ۚ وَحُرِّمَ عَلَیْکُمْ صَیْدُ الْبَرِّ مَا دُمْتُمْ حُرُمًا ؕ وَاتَّقُوا اللّٰهَ الَّذِیْۤ اِلَیْهِ تُحْشَرُوْنَ ۝

“Permitted for you is the catch of sea, and its food – as sustenance for you and for travelers. But forbidden for you is the game (hunting) of land while you are in ‘Ihram’ (pilgrim sanctity). And fear Allah, to Whom you will be gathered.” (5:96)

 

 

About Earnings

Islam has given a clear guidance about livelihood earnings. Allah (SWT) has made halal earning obligatory for all Muslims and prohibited illegal earnings of any type. Earnings from Halal sources is a part of worship. Allah (SWT) does not accept the prayer of one who lives on a haram income. Allah has promised immense reward for earnings from Halal sources only. The Prophet (ﷺ) said: “The body that consumes illicit (Haram) earning is a proper fuel for hellfire.” (Bukhari). He further said: “Seeking a halal earning is the next obligatory duty after the obligatory Salah.” (Baihaqi).

The verses on the above topic are given below:

قُلْ لَّا یَسْتَوِی الْخَبِیْثُ وَالطَّیِّبُ وَلَوْ اَعْجَبَكَ كَثْرَۃُ الْخَبِیْثِ ۚ فَاتَّقُوا اللّٰهَ یٰۤاُولِی الْاَلْبَابِ لَعَلَّکُمْ تُفْلِحُوْنَ ۝

“(O Prophet) Say: ‘The impure and the pure are not equal, even though the abundance of the impure may impress you. So be conscious of Allah, O you who possess intelligence, that you may succeed.” (5:100)

یٰۤاَیُّهَا الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْا لَا تَاْکُلُوْۤا اَمْوَالَکُمْ بَیْنَکُمْ بِالْبَاطِلِ اِلَّاۤ اَنْ تَکُوْنَ تِجَارَۃً عَنْ تَرَاضٍ مِّنْکُمْ وَلَا تَقْتُلُوْۤا اَنْفُسَکُمْ ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ كَانَ بِکُمْ رَحِیْمًا۝

“O Believers!  Do not devour another’s wealth illicitly but make deal by trade based on mutual consent. And do not kill yourselves, for Allah is Merciful towards you.” (4:29)

اَلَّذِیْنَ یَاْکُلُوْنَ الرِّبٰوا لَا یَقُوْمُوْنَ اِلَّا كَمَا یَقُوْمُ الَّذِیْ یَتَخَبَّطُهُ الشَّیْطٰنُ مِنَ الْمَسِّ ؕ ذٰلِكَ بِاَنَّهُمْ قَالُوْۤا اِنَّمَا الْبَیْعُ مِثْلُ الرِّبٰوا ۘ وَاَحَلَّ اللّٰهُ الْبَیْعَ وَحَرَّمَ الرِّبٰوا ؕ فَمَنْ جَآءَہٗ مَوْعِظَۃٌ مِّنْ رَّبِّہٖ فَانْتَهٰی فَلَہٗ مَا سَلَفَ ؕ وَاَمْرُہٗۤ اِلَی اللّٰهِ ؕ وَمَنْ عَادَ فَاُولٰٓئِكَ اَصْحٰبُ النَّارِ ۚ هُمْ فِیْهَا خٰلِدُوْنَ۝ یَمْحَقُ اللّٰهُ الرِّبٰوا وَیُرْبِی الصَّدَقٰتِ ؕ وَاللّٰهُ لَا یُحِبُّ کُلَّ كَفَّارٍ اَثِیْمٍ ۝

“Those who live on usury will rise up on the day of Qiyamah like someone whom Satan has spellbound by his touch. That is because they say, ‘Business is like usury.’ But Allah has permitted business and has forbidden usury. Whoever, on receiving advice from his Lord, refrains, may keep his past earnings, and his case rests with Allah. But whoever resumes — these are the dwellers of the Fire, wherein they will abide forever. Allah condemns usury, and He blesses charities. Allah does not love any sinful ingrate.” (2:275 – 276)

 

 

Extramarital Relationship

اِنَّ الَّذِیْنَ یُحِبُّوْنَ اَنْ تَشِیْعَ الْفَاحِشَۃُ فِی الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْا لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ اَلِیْمٌ ۙ فِی الدُّنْیَا وَالْاٰخِرَۃِ ؕ وَاللّٰهُ یَعْلَمُ وَ اَنْتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُوْنَ۝

“Those who love to see immoral relationship spread among the believers — for them is a painful punishment, in this life and in the Hereafter. Allah knows, and you do not know.” (24:19)

وَ لَا تَقْرَبُوا الزِّنٰۤی اِنَّہٗ كَانَ فَاحِشَۃً ؕ وَسَآءَ سَبِیْلًا ۝

“Nor come nigh to adultery: for it is a shameful (deed) and an evil, opening the road (to other evils).” (17:32)

 

 

Intoxicants, Gambling & Sorcery

یَسْـَٔلُوْنَكَ عَنِ الْخَمْرِ وَالْمَیْسِرِؕ    قُلْ فِیْهِمَاۤ اِثْمٌ كَبِیْرٌ وَمَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ ۫ وَاِثْمُهُمَاۤ اَکْبَرُ مِنْ نَّفْعِهِمَا ؕ ۝

“They ask you about intoxicants and gambling. Say, ‘There is gross sin in them, and some benefits for people, but their sinfulness outweighs their benefit’ …” (2:219)

یٰۤاَیُّهَا الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْا لَا تَقْرَبُوا الصَّلٰوۃَ وَاَنْتُمْ سُکٰرٰی حَتّٰی تَعْلَمُوْا مَا تَقُوْلُوْنَ ۝

“O Believers!  Do not approach the prayer while you are drunk, so that you know what you say.” … (4:43). [This verse was revealed before the prohibition of drinking.]

یٰۤاَیُّهَا الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْۤا اِنَّمَا الْخَمْرُ وَالْمَیْسِرُ وَالْاَنْصَابُ وَالْاَزْلَامُ رِجْسٌ مِّنْ عَمَلِ الشَّیْطٰنِ فَاجْتَنِبُوْهُ لَعَلَّکُمْ تُفْلِحُوْنَ ۝ اِنَّمَا یُرِیْدُ الشَّیْطٰنُ اَنْ یُّوْقِعَ بَیْنَکُمُ الْعَدَاوَۃَ وَالْبَغْضَآءَ فِی الْخَمْرِ وَالْمَیْسِرِ وَیَصُدَّکُمْ عَنْ ذِکْرِ اللّٰهِ وَعَنِ الصَّلٰوۃِ ۚ فَهَلْ اَنْتُمْ مُّنْتَهُوْنَ ۝ وَاَطِیْعُوا اللّٰهَ وَاَطِیْعُوا الرَّسُوْلَ وَاحْذَرُوْا ۚ فَاِنْ تَوَلَّیْتُمْ فَاعْلَمُوْۤا اَنَّمَا عَلٰی رَسُوْلِنَا الْبَلٰغُ الْمُبِیْنُ ۝ لَیْسَ عَلَی الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْا وَعَمِلُوا الصّٰلِحٰتِ جُنَاحٌ فِیْمَا طَعِمُوْۤا اِذَا مَا اتَّقَوْا وَاٰمَنُوْا وَعَمِلُوا الصّٰلِحٰتِ ثُمَّ اتَّقَوْا وَاٰمَنُوْا ثُمَّ اتَّقَوْا وَاَحْسَنُوْا ؕ وَاللّٰهُ یُحِبُّ الْمُحْسِنِیْنَ ۝

“O Believers!  Intoxicants, gambling, idolatry, and foretelling are abominations of Satan’s doing. Avoid them, so that you may prosper. Satan wants to provoke strife and hatred among you through intoxicants and gambling, and to prevent you from the remembrance of Allah, and from prayer. Will you not desist? Obey Allah and obey the Messenger and be cautious. If you turn away – know that the duty of Our Messenger is clear communication. Those who believe and do righteous deeds will not be blamed for what they may have eaten (before making Haram), provided they obey, and believe, and do good deeds, then maintain piety and faith, then remain righteous and charitable. Allah loves the righteous.” (5:90 – 93)

وَاتَّبَعُوْا مَا تَتْلُوا الشَّیٰطِیْنُ عَلٰی مُلْكِ سُلَیْمٰنَ ۚ وَمَا كَفَرَ سُلَیْمٰنُ وَلٰكِنَّ الشَّیٰطِیْنَ كَفَرُوْا یُعَلِّمُوْنَ النَّاسَ السِّحْرَ ^ق وَمَاۤ اُنْزِلَ عَلَی الْمَلَكَیْنِ بِبَابِلَ هَارُوْتَ وَمَارُوْتَ ؕ وَمَا یُعَلِّمٰنِ مِنْ اَحَدٍ حَتّٰی یَقُوْلَاۤ اِنَّمَا نَحْنُ فِتْنَۃٌ فَلَا تَکْفُرْ ؕ فَیَتَعَلَّمُوْنَ مِنْهُمَا مَا یُفَرِّقُوْنَ بِہٖ بَیْنَ الْمَرْءِ وَزَوْجِہٖ ؕ وَمَا هُمْ بِضَآرِّیْنَ بِہٖ مِنْ اَحَدٍ اِلَّا بِاِذْنِ اللّٰهِ ؕ وَیَتَعَلَّمُوْنَ مَا یَضُرُّهُمْ وَلَا یَنْفَعُهُمْ ؕ  وَلَقَدْ عَلِمُوْا لَمَنِ اشْتَرٰىهُ مَا لَہٗ فِی الْاٰخِرَۃِ مِنْ خَلَاقٍ ۟ؕ  وَلَبِئْسَ مَا شَرَوْا بِہٖۤ اَنْفُسَهُمْ ؕ  لَوْ كَانُوْا یَعْلَمُوْنَ ۝

“And they followed what the devils taught during the reign of Sulaiman (). It was not Sulaiman () who disbelieved, but it was the devils who disbelieved. They taught the people witchcraft and what was revealed in Babylon to the two angels Harut and Marut. They did not teach anybody until they had said, ‘We are a test, so do not lose faith.’ But they learned from them the means to cause separation between man and his wife. But they cannot harm anyone except with Allah’s permission. And they learned what would harm them and not benefit them. Yet they knew that whoever deals in it will have no share in the Hereafter. Miserable is what they sold their souls for, if they only knew.” (2:102)

اَلَمْ تَرَ اِلَی الَّذِیْنَ اُوْتُوْا نَصِیْبًا مِّنَ الْكِتٰبِ یُؤْمِنُوْنَ بِالْجِبْتِ وَالطَّاغُوْتِ وَیَقُوْلُوْنَ لِلَّذِیْنَ كَفَرُوْا هٰۤؤُلَآءِ اَهْدٰی مِنَ الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْا سَبِیْلًا ۝ اُولٰٓئِكَ الَّذِیْنَ لَعَنَهُمُ اللّٰهُ ؕ وَمَنْ یَّلْعَنِ اللّٰهُ فَلَنْ تَجِدَ لَہٗ نَصِیْرًا ۝

“Have you not seen those who were given a share of the Book? They believe in superstition and evil powers, and say of those who disbelieve, ‘These are better guided on the way than the believers.’ Those are they whom Allah has cursed. Whomever Allah curses, you will find no savior for him.” (4:51 – 52)

 

Backbiting, Slanders, Malice, and Aspersion

یٰۤاَیُّهَا الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوا اجْتَنِبُوْا كَثِیْرًا مِّنَ الظَّنِّ ۫ اِنَّ بَعْضَ الظَّنِّ  اِثْمٌ وَلَا تَجَسَّسُوْا وَلَا یَغْتَبْ بَّعْضُکُمْ بَعْضًا ؕ اَیُحِبُّ اَحَدُکُمْ اَنْ یَّاْکُلَ لَحْمَ اَخِیْهِ مَیْتًا فَكَرِهْتُمُوْهُ ؕ وَاتَّقُوا اللّٰهَ ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ تَوَّابٌ رَّحِیْمٌ ۝

“O Believers!  Avoid much suspicion – some suspicion is sinful. And do not spy on one another, nor backbite one another. Would any of you like to eat the flesh of his dead brother? You would detest it. So, remain aware of Allah. Allah is Most Relenting, Most Merciful.” (49:12)

یٰۤاَیُّهَا الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْا لَا یَسْخَرْ قَوْمٌ مِّنْ قَوْمٍ عَسٰۤی اَنْ یَّکُوْنُوْا خَیْرًا مِّنْهُمْ وَلَا نِسَآءٌ مِّنْ نِّسَآءٍ عَسٰۤی اَنْ یَّکُنَّ خَیْرًا مِّنْهُنَّ ۚ وَلَا تَلْمِزُوْۤا اَنْفُسَکُمْ وَلَا تَنَابَزُوْا بِالْاَلْقَابِ ؕ بِئْسَ الِاسْمُ الْفُسُوْقُ بَعْدَ الْاِیْمَانِ ۚ وَمَنْ لَّمْ یَتُبْ فَاُولٰٓئِكَ هُمُ الظّٰلِمُوْنَ ۝

“O Believers!  Let not some people ridicule other people, for they may be better than those who ridicule. Nor should any women mock other women, for they may be better than those who mock. Nor shall you slander one another, nor shall you insult one another by calling bad names. If they are called bad names after having attained faith, is a sin. Whoever does not repent — these are the wrongdoers.” (49:11)

اِنَّ الَّذِیْنَ یَرْمُوْنَ الْمُحْصَنٰتِ الْغٰفِلٰتِ الْمُؤْمِنٰتِ لُعِنُوْا فِی الدُّنْیَا وَالْاٰخِرَۃِ ۪ وَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِیْمٌ ۝

“Those who slander honorable, innocent, believing women are cursed in this life and in the Hereafter. They will have a terrible punishment.” (24:23)

وَ الَّذِیْنَ یُؤْذُوْنَ الْمُؤْمِنِیْنَ وَالْمُؤْمِنٰتِ بِغَیْرِ مَا اکْتَسَبُوْا فَقَدِ احْتَمَلُوْا بُہْتَانًا وَّ اِثْمًا مُّبِیْنًا ۝

“Those who harm believing men and believing women, for acts they did not commit, bear the burden of slander and a manifest sin.” (33:58)

وَ مَنْ یَّکْسِبْ خَطِیْٓىـَٔۃً اَوْ اِثْمًا ثُمَّ یَرْمِ بِہٖ بَرِیْٓــًٔا فَقَدِ احْتَمَلَ بُہْتَانًا وَّاِثْمًا مُّبِیْنًا۝

“And whoever commits a mistake, or a sin, and then blames it on an innocent person, has taken a slander and a blatant sin.” (4:112)

لَئِنْ لَّمْ یَنْتَهِ الْمُنٰفِقُوْنَ وَالَّذِیْنَ فِیْ قُلُوْبِهِمْ مَّرَضٌ وَالْمُرْجِفُوْنَ فِی الْمَدِیْنَۃِ لَنُغْرِیَنَّكَ بِهِمْ ثُمَّ لَا یُجَاوِرُوْنَكَ فِیْهَاۤ  اِلَّا  قَلِیْلًا ۝ مَّلْعُوْنِیْنَ ۚۛ اَیْنَمَا ثُقِفُوْۤا اُخِذُوْا وَقُتِّلُوْا تَقْتِیْلًا ۝

“If the hypocrites, and those with sickness in their hearts, and the rumormongers in the city, do not desist, We will incite you against them; then they will not be your neighbors there except for a short while. They are cursed; wherever they are found, they should be captured and killed outright.” (33:60 – 61)

هَمَّازٍ مَّشَّآءٍۭ بِنَمِیْمٍ ۝ مَّنَّاعٍ لِّلْخَیْرِ مُعْتَدٍ اَثِیْمٍ ۝

“(Those who) Backbite, spread slanders – Prevent from doing good, (they are) transgressors, sinners.” (68:11 – 12)

وَيْلٌ لِّكُلِّ هُمَزَةٍ لُّمَزَةٍ۝

“Woe to every slanderer and backbiter.” (104:1)

لَا یُحِبُّ اللّٰهُ الْجَہْرَ بِالسُّوْٓءِ مِنَ الْقَوْلِ اِلَّا مَنْ ظُلِمَ ؕ وَكَانَ اللّٰهُ سَمِیْعًا عَلِیْمًا ۝ اِنْ تُبْدُوْا خَیْرًا اَوْ تُخْفُوْهُ اَوْ تَعْفُوْا عَنْ سُوْٓءٍ فَاِنَّ اللّٰهَ كَانَ عَفُوًّا قَدِیْرًا ۝

“Allah does not like the speaking of evil things in public, unless someone was oppressed. Allah is Hearing and Knowing. If you reveal any good deed, or conceal it, or pardon an offense — (then you know that) Allah Himself is Pardoning and All Powerful.” (4:148 – 149)

 

 

Killing, Oppression, Anarchy, and Conflict

وَ لَا تَقْتُلُوا النَّفْسَ الَّتِیْ حَرَّمَ اللّٰهُ اِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ ؕ وَمَنْ قُتِلَ مَظْلُوْمًا فَقَدْ جَعَلْنَا لِوَلِیِّہٖ سُلْطٰنًا فَلَا یُسْرِفْ فِّی الْقَتْلِ ؕ اِنَّہٗ كَانَ مَنْصُوْرًا ۝

“Nor take life – which Allah has made sacred – except for just cause. And if anyone is slain wrongfully, we have given his heir authority (to demand retributive justice or to forgive): but let him nor exceed bounds in the matter of taking life; for he is helped (by the Law).” (17:33)

 اَنَّہٗ مَنْ قَتَلَ نَفْسًۢا بِغَیْرِ نَفْسٍ اَوْ فَسَادٍ فِی الْاَرْضِ فَكَاَنَّمَا قَتَلَ النَّاسَ جَمِیْعًا ؕ وَّمَنْ اَحْیَاهَا فَكَاَنَّمَاۤ اَحْیَا النَّاسَ جَمِیْعًا ؕ ۝

“…if anyone kills a person – unless in retribution for murder or spreading corruption in the land – it is as if he kills all mankind while if any saves a life it is as if he saves the lives of all mankind” (5:32)

وَ لَا تَقْتُلُوْۤا  اَوْلَادَکُمْ  خَشْیَۃَ  اِمْلَاقٍ ؕ نَحْنُ نَرْزُقُهُمْ  وَ اِیَّاکُمْ ؕ اِنَّ  قَتْلَهُمْ كَانَ خِطْاً كَبِیْرًا ۝

“Kill not your children for fear of poverty: We shall provide sustenance for them as well as for you. Verily the killing of them is a great sin.” (17:31)

 وَلَا تَقْتُلُوْۤا اَنْفُسَکُمْ ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ كَانَ بِکُمْ رَحِیْمًا ۝ وَمَنْ یَّفْعَلْ ذٰلِكَ عُدْوَانًا وَظُلْمًا فَسَوْفَ نُصْلِیْهِ نَارًا ؕ وَكَانَ ذٰلِكَ عَلَی اللّٰهِ یَسِیْرًا ۝

“(O you who believe!) … And do not kill yourselves, for Allah is Merciful towards you. Whoever does that, out of hostility and wrongdoing, We will cast him into a Fire. And that would be easy for Allah.” (4:29 – 30)

قَدْ خَسِرَ الَّذِیْنَ قَتَلُوْۤا اَوْلَادَهُمْ سَفَہًۢا بِغَیْرِ عِلْمٍ وَحَرَّمُوْا مَا رَزَقَهُمُ اللّٰهُ افْتِرَآءً عَلَی اللّٰهِ ؕ قَدْ ضَلُّوْا وَ مَا كَانُوْا مُہْتَدِیْنَ۝

“Indeed, ruined are those who slay their children out of senseless ignorance and forbid the sustenance which Allah has bestowed upon them, in order to fabricate lies against Allah; they have undoubtedly gone astray and not attained the rightly guided path.” (6:140)

یَسْـَٔلُوْنَكَ عَنِ الشَّہْرِ الْحَرَامِ قِتَالٍ فِیْهِ ؕ قُلْ قِتَالٌ فِیْهِ كَبِیْرٌ ؕ وَصَدٌّ عَنْ سَبِیْلِ اللّٰهِ وَکُفْرٌۢ بِہٖ وَالْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ ^ق وَ اِخْرَاجُ اَهْلِہٖ مِنْهُ اَکْبَرُ عِنْدَ اللّٰهِ ۚ وَ الْفِتْنَۃُ اَکْبَرُ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ ؕ

“They ask you about fighting during the Holy Month. Say, “Fighting during it is deplorable; but to bar others from Allah’s path, and to disbelieve in Him, and to prevent access to the Holy Mosque, and to expel its people from it, are more deplorable with Allah. And persecution is more serious than killing….” (2:217)

وَمَنْ یَّقْتُلْ مُؤْمِنًا مُّتَعَمِّدًا فَجَزَآؤُہٗ جَهَنَّمُ خٰلِدًا فِیْهَا وَغَضِبَ اللّٰهُ عَلَیْهِ وَلَعَنَہٗ وَاَعَدَّ لَہٗ عَذَابًا عَظِیْمًا۝

“Whoever kills a believer deliberately, the penalty for him is Hell, where he will remain forever. And Allah will be angry with him, and will curse him, and will prepare for him a terrible punishment.” (4:93)

وَ اِذْ اَخَذْنَا مِیْثَاقَکُمْ لَا تَسْفِکُوْنَ دِمَآءَکُمْ وَلَا تُخْرِجُوْنَ اَنْفُسَکُمْ مِّنْ دِیَارِکُمْ ثُمَّ اَقْرَرْتُمْ وَاَنْتُمْ تَشْهَدُوْنَ ۝ ثُمَّ اَنْتُمْ هٰۤـؤُلَآءِ تَقْتُلُوْنَ اَنْفُسَکُمْ وَتُخْرِجُوْنَ فَرِیْقًا مِّنْکُمْ مِّنْ دِیَارِهِمْ ۫ تَظٰهَرُوْنَ عَلَیْهِمْ بِالْاِثْمِ وَالْعُدْوَانِ ؕ وَاِنْ یَّاْتُوْکُمْ اُسٰرٰی تُفٰدُوْهُمْ وَهُوَ مُحَرَّمٌ عَلَیْکُمْ اِخْرَاجُهُمْ ؕ اَفَتُؤْمِنُوْنَ بِبَعْضِ الْكِتٰبِ وَتَکْفُرُوْنَ بِبَعْضٍ ۚ فَمَا جَزَآءُ مَنْ یَّفْعَلُ ذٰلِكَ مِنْکُمْ اِلَّا خِزْیٌ فِی الْحَیٰوۃِ الدُّنْیَا ۚ وَیَوْمَ الْقِیٰمَۃِ یُرَدُّوْنَ اِلٰۤی اَشَدِّ الْعَذَابِ ؕ وَمَا اللّٰهُ بِغَافِلٍ عَمَّا تَعْمَلُوْنَ ۝

“And We made a covenant with you (Bani Israel): ‘You shall not shed blood of each other, nor shall you evict your people from their homes.’ You agreed and bore witness. But here you are killing your own people and expelling a group of your own from their homeland—conspiring one another against them by committing sin and aggression. And if they come to you as captives, you are extorting from ransom them, although it was forbidden to you. Is it that you believe in one part of the Scripture, and disbelieve in another part? Those among you do so they will have no way but humiliation in this life – And on the Day of Qiyamah they will be dragged to the most severe punishment. Allah is not unaware of what you do.” (2:84 – 85)

وَ مَنْ اَظْلَمُ مِمَّنْ مَّنَعَ مَسٰجِدَ اللّٰهِ اَنْ یُّذْكَرَ فِیْهَا اسْمُہٗ وَسَعٰی فِیْ خَرَابِهَا ؕ اُولٰٓئِكَ مَا كَانَ لَهُمْ اَنْ یَّدْخُلُوْهَاۤ اِلَّا خَآئِفِیْنَ ۬ؕ لَهُمْ فِی الدُّنْیَا خِزْیٌ وَلَهُمْ فِی الْاٰخِرَۃِ عَذَابٌ عَظِیْمٌ۝

“Who could be unjust than one who forbids the remembrance of Allah’s name in His places of worship, and tries to destroy them? They ought not to enter them except in fear. For them is disgrace in this world, and for them is a terrible punishment in the Hereafter.” (2:114)

اِنَّ الَّذِیْنَ یَکْفُرُوْنَ بِاٰیٰتِ اللّٰهِ وَیَقْتُلُوْنَ النَّبِیّٖنَ بِغَیْرِ حَقٍّ ۙ وَیَقْتُلُوْنَ الَّذِیْنَ یَاْمُرُوْنَ بِالْقِسْطِ مِنَ النَّاسِ ۙ فَبَشِّرْهُمْ بِعَذَابٍ اَلِیْمٍ ۝ اُولٰٓئِكَ الَّذِیْنَ حَبِطَتْ اَعْمَالُهُمْ فِی الدُّنْیَا وَالْاٰخِرَۃِ ۫ وَمَا لَهُمْ مِّنْ نّٰصِرِیْنَ ۝

“As for those who defy Allah’s revelations, and kill the prophets unjustly, and kill those who advocate justice among the people – give them warning of a painful retribution. They are those whose deeds will be futile, in this world and in the Hereafter; and they will have no saviors.” (3:21 – 22)

 اَفَکُلَّمَا جَآءَکُمْ رَسُوْلٌۢ بِمَا لَا تَہْوٰۤی اَنْفُسُکُمُ اسْتَکْبَرْتُمْ ۚ فَفَرِیْقًا كَذَّبْتُمْ   وَفَرِیْقًا تَقْتُلُوْنَ۝

“……. Then whenever a messenger came to you with something which you did not desire, you grew arrogant, calling some impostors, and killing others.” (2:87)

وَ مِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ یُّعْجِبُكَ قَوْلُہٗ فِی الْحَیٰوۃِ الدُّنْیَا وَیُشْهِدُ اللّٰهَ عَلٰی مَا فِیْ قَلْبِہٖ ۙ  وَهُوَ اَلَدُّ الْخِصَامِ ۝ وَاِذَا تَوَلّٰی سَعٰی فِی الْاَرْضِ لِیُفْسِدَ فِیْهَا وَیُہْلِكَ الْحَرْثَ وَالنَّسْلَ ؕ وَاللّٰهُ لَا یُحِبُّ الْفَسَادَ ۝

“And among the people there is one (Munafiq) whose words about the worldly life impress you, and he calls Allah to witness what is in his heart, while he is the toughest of adversaries. When he gains power, strives to spread corruption on earth, destroying properties and lives. Allah does not like corruption and anarchy.” (2:204 – 205)

وَ اتَّقُوْا فِتْنَۃً لَّا تُصِیْبَنَّ الَّذِیْنَ ظَلَمُوْا مِنْکُمْ خَآصَّۃً ۚ وَاعْلَمُوْۤا اَنَّ اللّٰهَ شَدِیْدُ الْعِقَابِ۝

“And beware of discord which does not afflict the wrongdoers among you exclusively; and know that Allah is severe in retribution.” (8:25)

وَ ِذَا قِیْلَ لَهُمْ لَا تُفْسِدُوْا فِی الْاَرْضِ ۙ قَالُوْۤا اِنَّمَا نَحْنُ مُصْلِحُوْنَ ۝ اَلَاۤ اِنَّهُمْ هُمُ الْمُفْسِدُوْنَ وَلٰكِنْ لَّا یَشْعُرُوْنَ ۝

“And when it is said to them, ‘Do not make trouble on earth,’ they say, ‘We are only reformers.’ In fact, they are the troublemakers, but they are not aware.” (2:11 – 12)

 

 

Punishable Offense:

Violation of rights is a criminal offence in Islam. There is Qur’anic and Shariah laws against violators and perpetrators. The Prophet of Islam introduced the Qur’anic Laws in Madinah. Later on, with the expansion of Muslim rule, the Qur’an, Sunnah, Ijma’a (scholarly consensus), and Qiyas (analogical reasoning) are used to introduce comprehensive Shariah laws. In Shariah, crimes have two aspects: one is an offense against Allah and the other is an offense against humanity. The offenses against humanity include murder, oppression, anarchy, sexual abuse, fornication, unfounded accusations of fornication (slandering), drinking alcohol, robbery, theft, etc. Encroaching the boundary set by Allah (SWT) is a punishable offense. In the Qur’an, Allah (SWT) has repeatedly cautioned everyone about punishment both in this world and in the Hereafter. The punishment of the hereafter is much more severe than the punishment of this life.

 

Punishment for Killing

 وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا النَّفْسَ الَّتِیْ حَرَّمَ اللّٰهُ اِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ ؕ ذٰلِکُمْ وَصّٰکُمْ بِہٖ لَعَلَّکُمْ تَعْقِلُوْنَ۝

“…….Take not life, which Allah has made sacred, except by way of justice and law. Thus, does He command you, so that you may learn wisdom. (6:151)

وَ مَا كَانَ لِمُؤْمِنٍ اَنْ یَّقْتُلَ مُؤْمِنًا اِلَّا خَطَـًٔا ۚ وَمَنْ قَتَلَ مُؤْمِنًا خَطَـًٔا فَتَحْرِیْرُ رَقَبَۃٍ مُّؤْمِنَۃٍ وَّدِیَۃٌ مُّسَلَّمَۃٌ اِلٰۤی اَهْلِہٖۤ اِلَّاۤ اَنْ یَّصَّدَّقُوْا ؕ فَاِنْ كَانَ مِنْ قَوْمٍ عَدُوٍّ لَّکُمْ وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ فَتَحْرِیْرُ رَقَبَۃٍ مُّؤْمِنَۃٍ ؕ وَاِنْ كَانَ مِنْ قَوْمٍۭ بَیْنَکُمْ وَبَیْنَهُمْ مِّیْثَاقٌ فَدِیَۃٌ مُّسَلَّمَۃٌ اِلٰۤی اَهْلِہٖ وَتَحْرِیْرُ رَقَبَۃٍ مُّؤْمِنَۃٍ ۚ فَمَنْ لَّمْ یَجِدْ فَصِیَامُ شَہْرَیْنِ مُتَتَابِعَیْنِ ۫ تَوْبَۃً مِّنَ اللّٰهِ ؕ وَكَانَ اللّٰهُ عَلِیْمًا حَكِیْمًا ۝

“Never should a believer kill another believer, unless by error. Anyone who kills a believer by error must set free a believing slave, and pay compensation to the victim’s family, unless they remit it as charity. If the victim belonged to a people who are hostile to you, but is a believer, then the compensation is to free a believing slave. If he belonged to a people with whom you have a treaty, then compensation should be handed over to his family, and a believing slave set free. Anyone who lacks the means must fast for two consecutive months, by way of repentance to Allah. Allah is All-Knowing, Most Wise.” (4:92)

وَمَنْ یَّقْتُلْ مُؤْمِنًا مُّتَعَمِّدًا فَجَزَآؤُہٗ جَهَنَّمُ خٰلِدًا فِیْهَا وَغَضِبَ اللّٰهُ عَلَیْهِ وَلَعَنَہٗ وَاَعَدَّ لَہٗ عَذَابًا عَظِیْمًا۝

“Whoever kills a believer deliberately, the penalty for him is Hell, where he will remain forever. And Allah will be angry with him, and will curse him, and will prepare for him a terrible punishment.” (4:93)

یٰۤاَیُّهَا الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْا کُتِبَ عَلَیْکُمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِی الْقَتْلٰی ؕ اَلْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ وَالْعَبْدُ بِالْعَبْدِ وَالْاُنْثٰی بِالْاُنْثٰی ؕ فَمَنْ عُفِیَ لَہٗ مِنْ اَخِیْهِ شَیْءٌ فَاتِّبَاعٌۢ بِالْمَعْرُوْفِ وَاَدَآءٌ اِلَیْهِ بِاِحْسَانٍ ؕ ذٰلِكَ تَخْفِیْفٌ مِّنْ رَّبِّکُمْ وَرَحْمَۃٌ ؕ فَمَنِ اعْتَدٰی بَعْدَ ذٰلِكَ فَلَہٗ عَذَابٌ اَلِیْمٌ ۝ وَلَکُمْ فِی الْقِصَاصِ حَیٰوۃٌ یّٰۤاُولِی الْاَلْبَابِ لَعَلَّکُمْ تَتَّقُوْنَ ۝

“O Believers!  ‘Qisas’ (Retributive Justice) for the murdered is ordained upon you: the free man for the man, the slave for the slave, the woman for the woman. But if one (murderer) is forgiven by his kin, then grant any reasonable demand, and pay with good will. This is a special concession from your Lord, and a mercy. But whoever commits excesses after that, a painful torment awaits him. There is life for you in the Qisas, O people of understanding, so that you may be God-conscious.” (2:178 – 179)

وَكَتَبْنَا عَلَیْهِمْ فِیْهَاۤ اَنَّ النَّفْسَ بِالنَّفْسِ ۙ وَالْعَیْنَ بِالْعَیْنِ وَالْاَنْفَ بِالْاَنْفِ وَالْاُذُنَ بِالْاُذُنِ وَالسِّنَّ بِالسِّنِّ ۙ وَالْجُرُوْحَ قِصَاصٌ ؕ فَمَنْ تَصَدَّقَ بِہٖ فَهُوَ كَفَّارَۃٌ لَّہٗ ؕ  وَمَنْ لَّمْ یَحْکُمْ بِمَاۤ اَنْزَلَ اللّٰهُ فَاُولٰٓئِكَ هُمُ الظّٰلِمُوْنَ ۝

“And We ordained therein for them: Life for a life, eye for an eye, nose for a nose, ear for an ear, tooth for a tooth, and wounds equal for equal. But if anyone remits the retaliation by way of charity, it shall be for him, an expiation. And whosoever does not judge by that which Allah has revealed, such are the wrongdoers.” (5:45)

 

 

Punishment for Creating Strife & Anarchy

اِنَّمَا جَزٰٓؤُا الَّذِیْنَ یُحَارِبُوْنَ اللّٰهَ وَرَسُوْلَہٗ وَیَسْعَوْنَ فِی الْاَرْضِ فَسَادًا اَنْ یُّقَتَّلُوْۤا اَوْ یُصَلَّبُوْۤا اَوْ تُقَطَّعَ اَیْدِیْهِمْ وَاَرْجُلُهُمْ مِّنْ خِلَافٍ اَوْ یُنْفَوْا مِنَ الْاَرْضِ ؕ ذٰلِكَ لَهُمْ خِزْیٌ فِی الدُّنْیَا وَلَهُمْ فِی الْاٰخِرَۃِ عَذَابٌ عَظِیْمٌ۝

“The punishment for those who fight against Allah and His Messenger, and strive to spread anarchy on earth, is that they be killed, or crucified, or have their hands and feet cut off on opposite sides or be exiled from the land. That is to disgrace them in this life; and in the Hereafter they will have a terrible punishment.” (5:33)

 

 

Punishment of Thefts

وَالسَّارِقُ وَالسَّارِقَۃُ فَاقْطَعُوْۤا اَیْدِیَهُمَا جَزَآءًۢ بِمَا كَسَبَا نَكَالًا مِّنَ اللّٰهِ ؕ وَاللّٰهُ عَزِیْزٌ حَكِیْمٌ ۝

As for the thief, whether male or female, cut their hands as a penalty for what they have reaped—a warning from Allah. Allah is Mighty and Wise.” (5:38)

 

 

Punishment of Adultery

وَالّٰتِیْ یَاْتِیْنَ الْفَاحِشَۃَ مِنْ نِّسَآئِکُمْ فَاسْتَشْهِدُوْا عَلَیْهِنَّ اَرْبَعَۃً مِّنْکُمْ ۚ فَاِنْ شَهِدُوْا فَاَمْسِکُوْ هُنَّ فِی الْبُیُوْتِ حَتّٰی یَتَوَفّٰهُنَّ الْمَوْتُ اَوْ یَجْعَلَ اللّٰهُ لَهُنَّ سَبِیْلًا ۝ وَالَّذٰنِ یَاْتِیٰنِهَا مِنْکُمْ فَاٰذُوْهُمَا ۚ فَاِنْ تَابَا وَاَصْلَحَا فَاَعْرِضُوْا عَنْهُمَا ؕ  اِنَّ اللّٰهَ كَانَ تَوَّابًا رَّحِیْمًا ۝

“Those of your women who commit fornication, you must have four witnesses against them, from among you. If they testify, confine them to the homes until death claims them, or Allah makes a way for them. If two men among you commit it, punish them both. But if they repent and reform, leave them alone. Certainly, Allah is the Acceptor of repentance, Full of Mercy.” (4:15 – 16)

سُوْرَۃٌ اَنْزَلْنٰهَا وَفَرَضْنٰهَا وَاَنْزَلْنَا فِیْهَاۤ اٰیٰتٍۭ بَیِّنٰتٍ لَّعَلَّکُمْ تَذَكَرُوْنَ ۝ اَلزَّانِیَۃُ وَالزَّانِیْ فَاجْلِدُوْا کُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِّنْهُمَا مِائَۃَ جَلْدَۃٍ ۪ وَّلَا تَاْخُذْکُمْ بِهِمَا رَاْفَۃٌ فِیْ دِیْنِ اللّٰهِ اِنْ کُنْتُمْ تُؤْمِنُوْنَ بِاللّٰهِ وَالْیَوْمِ الْاٰخِرِ ۚ وَلْیَشْهَدْ عَذَابَهُمَا طَآئِفَۃٌ مِّنَ الْمُؤْمِنِیْنَ ۝ اَلزَّانِیْ لَا یَنْكِحُ اِلَّا زَانِیَۃً اَوْ مُشْرِكَۃً ۫ وَالزَّانِیَۃُ لَا یَنْكِحُهَاۤ اِلَّا زَانٍ اَوْ مُشْرِکٌ ۚ وَحُرِّمَ ذٰلِكَ عَلَی الْمُؤْمِنِیْنَ۝

“A Surah (chapter) that We have revealed, and made obligatory, and revealed in it clear Verses, that you may take heed. Whip the adulteress and the adulterer, each one of them, with a hundred lashes and let no pity towards them overcome you regarding Allah’s Law, if you believe in Allah and the Last Day. And let a group of believers witness their punishment. The adulterer shall marry none but an adulteress or an idolatress; and the adulteress shall marry none but an adulterer or an idolater. Such (marriage) has been prohibited for the believers.” (24:1)

 فَاِذَاۤ   اُحْصِنَّ فَاِنْ اَتَیْنَ بِفَاحِشَۃٍ فَعَلَیْهِنَّ نِصْفُ مَا عَلَی الْمُحْصَنٰتِ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ ؕ ذٰلِكَ لِمَنْ خَشِیَ الْعَنَتَ مِنْکُمْ ؕ      وَ اَنْ تَصْبِرُوْا خَیْرٌ  لَّکُمْ ؕ     وَ اللّٰهُ  غَفُوْرٌ رَّحِیْمٌ ۝

“……… When they (maid slave) are married, if they commit adultery, their punishment shall be half that of free women. That is for those among you who fear falling into sin. But to practice self-restraint is better for you. Allah is Most Forgiving, Most Merciful.” (4:25)

 

 

Penalty for Breach of Oath

لَا یُؤَاخِذُکُمُ اللّٰهُ بِاللَّغْوِ فِیْۤ اَیْمَانِکُمْ وَلٰكِنْ یُّؤَاخِذُکُمْ بِمَا عَقَّدْتُّمُ الْاَیْمَانَ ۚ فَكَفَّارَتُہٗۤ اِطْعَامُ عَشَرَۃِ مَسٰكِیْنَ مِنْ اَوْسَطِ مَا تُطْعِمُوْنَ اَهْلِیْکُمْ اَوْ كِسْوَتُهُمْ اَوْ تَحْرِیْرُ رَقَبَۃٍ ؕ فَمَنْ لَّمْ یَجِدْ فَصِیَامُ ثَلٰثَۃِ اَیَّامٍ ؕ ذٰلِكَ كَفَّارَۃُ اَیْمَانِکُمْ اِذَا حَلَفْتُمْ ؕ وَاحْفَظُوْۤا اَیْمَانَکُمْ ؕ….. ۝

“Allah does not hold you accountable for your unintended oaths, but He holds you accountable for your binding oaths. The atonement for it is by feeding ten needy people from the average of what you feed your families, or by clothing them, or by freeing a slave. Anyone who lacks the means shall fast for three days. That is the atonement for breaking your oaths when you have sworn them. So, keep your oaths…….” (5:89)

 

 

Punishment of Slandering

وَ الَّذِیْنَ یَرْمُوْنَ الْمُحْصَنٰتِ ثُمَّ لَمْ یَاْتُوْا بِاَرْبَعَۃِ شُهَدَآءَ فَاجْلِدُوْهُمْ ثَمٰنِیْنَ جَلْدَۃً وَلَا تَقْبَلُوْا لَهُمْ شَهَادَۃً اَبَدًا ۚ وَاُولٰٓئِكَ هُمُ الْفٰسِقُوْنَ ۝ اِلَّا الَّذِیْنَ تَابُوْا مِنْۢ بَعْدِ ذٰلِكَ وَاَصْلَحُوْا ۚ فَاِنَّ اللّٰهَ غَفُوْرٌ رَّحِیْمٌ ۝ وَالَّذِیْنَ یَرْمُوْنَ اَزْوَاجَهُمْ وَلَمْ یَکُنْ لَّهُمْ شُهَدَآءُ اِلَّاۤ اَنْفُسُهُمْ فَشَهَادَۃُ اَحَدِهِمْ اَرْبَعُ شَهٰدٰتٍۭ بِاللّٰهِ ۙ اِنَّہٗ لَمِنَ الصّٰدِقِیْنَ ۝ وَالْخَامِسَۃُ اَنَّ لَعْنَتَ اللّٰهِ عَلَیْهِ اِنْ كَانَ مِنَ الْکٰذِبِیْنَ ۝ وَیَدْرَؤُا عَنْهَا الْعَذَابَ اَنْ تَشْهَدَ اَرْبَعَ شَهٰدٰتٍۭ بِاللّٰهِ ۙ اِنَّہٗ لَمِنَ الْکٰذِبِیْنَ ۝ وَالْخَامِسَۃَ اَنَّ غَضَبَ اللّٰهِ عَلَیْهَاۤ اِنْ كَانَ مِنَ الصّٰدِقِیْنَ ۝

“Those who accuse chaste women, then cannot bring four witnesses, whip them eighty lashes, and do not ever accept their testimony. For these are the immoral. Except for those who repent afterwards, and reform; for Allah is Forgiving and Merciful. As for those who accuse their own spouses, but have no witnesses except themselves, the testimony of one of them is equivalent to four testimonies, if he swears by Allah that he is truthful. And the fifth time, that Allah’s curse be upon him, if he is a liar. But punishment shall be averted from her, if she swears four times by Allah, that her husband is a liar. And the fifth time, that Allah’s wrath be upon her, if her husband is truthful.” (24:4 – 9)

 

 

The First Incident of Manslaughter on the Earth

وَاتْلُ عَلَیْهِمْ نَبَاَ ابْنَیْ اٰدَمَ بِالْحَقِّ ۘ اِذْ قَرَّبَا قُرْبَانًا فَتُقُبِّلَ مِنْ اَحَدِهِمَا وَلَمْ یُتَقَبَّلْ مِنَ الْاٰخَرِ ؕ قَالَ لَاَقْتُلَنَّكَ ؕ قَالَ اِنَّمَا یَتَقَبَّلُ اللّٰهُ مِنَ الْمُتَّقِیْنَ ۝ لَئِنْۢ بَسَطْتَّ اِلَیَّ یَدَكَ لِتَقْتُلَنِیْ مَاۤ  اَنَا بِبَاسِطٍ یَّدِیَ اِلَیْكَ لِاَقْتُلَكَ ۚ اِنِّیْۤ اَخَافُ اللّٰهَ رَبَّ الْعٰلَمِیْنَ ۝ اِنِّیْۤ اُرِیْدُ اَنْ تَبُوْٓاَ بِاِثْمِیْ وَاِثْمِكَ فَتَکُوْنَ مِنْ اَصْحٰبِ النَّارِ ۚ وَذٰلِكَ جَزٰٓؤُا الظّٰلِمِیْنَ ۝ فَطَوَّعَتْ لَہٗ نَفْسُہٗ قَتْلَ اَخِیْهِ فَقَتَلَہٗ فَاَصْبَحَ مِنَ الْخٰسِرِیْنَ ۝

“And recite to them the true story of Adam’s two sons: when they presented an offering, and it was accepted from only one of them, but not accepted from the other. He Said, ‘I will kill you.’ He Said, ‘Allah accepts only from the righteous. If you extend your hand to kill me, I will not extend my hand to kill you; for I fear Allah, Lord of the Worlds. I would rather want you bear my sin and your sin, and you become among the inmates of the Fire. Such is the reward for the evildoers.’ Then his soul prompted him to kill his brother, so he killed him, and became one of the losers.” (5:27 – 30)